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The core obstacle towards a large-scale deployment of autonomous vehicles currently lies in the long tail of rare events. These are extremely challenging since they do not occur often in the utilized training data for deep neural networks.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Daniel Bogdoll , Stefani Guneshka , J. Marius Zöllner

Despite impressive advancements in Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS), navigation in complex road conditions remains a challenging problem. There is considerable evidence that evaluating the subjective risk level of various decisions can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Shih-Yuan Yu , Arnav V. Malawade , Deepan Muthirayan , Pramod P. Khargonekar , Mohammad A. Al Faruque

Despite the great success object detection and segmentation models have achieved in recognizing individual objects in images, performance on cognitive tasks such as image caption, semantic image retrieval, and visual QA is far from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Weilin Cong , William Wang , Wang-Chien Lee

Currently the state of the art network models are based or depend on Discrete Event Simulation (DES). While DES is highly accurate, it is also computationally costly and cumbersome to parallelize, making it unpractical to simulate high…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Carlos Güemes-Palau , Miquel Ferriol Galmés , Albert Cabellos-Aparicio , Pere Barlet-Ros

The generation of safety-critical scenarios in simulation has become increasingly crucial for safety evaluation in autonomous vehicles prior to road deployment in society. However, current approaches largely rely on predefined threat…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiangfan Liu , Yongkang Guo , Fangzhi Zhong , Tianyuan Zhang , Zonglei Jing , Siyuan Liang , Jiakai Wang , Mingchuan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

Testing is essential for verifying and validating control designs, especially in safety-critical applications. In particular, the control system governing an automated driving vehicle must be proven reliable enough for its acceptance on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-11 Mengjia Zhu , Alberto Bemporad , Maximilian Kneissl , Hasan Esen

Representing relevant information of a traffic scene and understanding its environment is crucial for the success of autonomous driving. Modeling the surrounding of an autonomous car using semantic relations, i.e., how different traffic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Maximilian Zipfl , Felix Hertlein , Achim Rettinger , Steffen Thoma , Lavdim Halilaj , Juergen Luettin , Stefan Schmid , Cory Henson

Learning to compose visual relationships from raw images in the form of scene graphs is a highly challenging task due to contextual dependencies, but it is essential in computer vision applications that depend on scene understanding.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Neau Maëlic , Paulo E. Santos , Anne-Gwenn Bosser , Cédric Buche

Accident detection using Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) footage is one of the most imperative features for enhancing transport safety and efficient traffic control. To this end, this research addresses the issues of supervised monitoring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zhenghao Xi , Xiang Liu , Yaqi Liu , Yitong Cai , Yangyu Zheng

Scene Graph Generation has gained much attention in computer vision research with the growing demand in image understanding projects like visual question answering, image captioning, self-driving cars, crowd behavior analysis, activity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Vishal Kumar , Albert Mundu , Satish Kumar Singh

In the rapidly evolving field of autonomous systems, the safety and reliability of the system components are fundamental requirements. These components are often vulnerable to complex and unforeseen environments, making natural edge-case…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-20 Hsin-Jung Yang , Joe Beck , Md Zahid Hasan , Ekin Beyazit , Subhadeep Chakraborty , Tichakorn Wongpiromsarn , Soumik Sarkar

Long-tail and rare event problems become crucial when autonomous driving algorithms are applied in the real world. For the purpose of evaluating systems in challenging settings, we propose a generative framework to create safety-critical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Wenhao Ding , Baiming Chen , Minjun Xu , Ding Zhao

Autonomous Vehicle (AV) requires rigorous testing in safety-critical scenarios for safety validation, yet its validation is hindered by the high cost of field testing and the lack of fidelity in current simulations for rare safety-critical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hongyi Zhao , Shuo Wang , Qijie He , Ziyuan Pu

Ensuring the functional correctness and safety of autonomous vehicles is a major challenge for the automotive industry. However, exhaustive physical test drives are not feasible, as billions of driven kilometers would be required to obtain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Barbara Schuett , Thilo Braun , Stefan Otten , Eric Sax

Scene graph generation (SGG) endeavors to predict visual relationships between pairs of objects within an image. Prevailing SGG methods traditionally assume a one-off learning process for SGG. This conventional paradigm may necessitate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Tao He , Tongtong Wu , Dongyang Zhang , Guiduo Duan , Ke Qin , Yuan-Fang Li

In the era of Generative AI, Neurosymbolic AI is emerging as a powerful approach for tasks spanning from perception to cognition. The use of Neurosymbolic AI has been shown to achieve enhanced capabilities, including improved grounding,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Ruwan Wickramarachchi , Cory Henson , Amit Sheth

Reliable anticipation of traffic accidents is essential for advancing autonomous driving systems. However, this objective is limited by two fundamental challenges: the scarcity of diverse, high-quality training data and the frequent absence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yanchen Guan , Haicheng Liao , Chengyue Wang , Xingcheng Liu , Jiaxun Zhang , Zhenning Li

Autonomous vehicles need safe development and testing environments. Many traffic scenarios are such that they cannot be tested in the real world. We see hybrid photorealistic simulation as a viable tool for developing AI (artificial…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Jussi Hanhirova , Anton Debner , Matias Hyyppä , Vesa Hirvisalo

Scene understanding plays an important role in several high-level computer vision applications, such as autonomous vehicles, intelligent video surveillance, or robotics. However, too few solutions have been proposed for indoor/outdoor scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ayman Beghdadi , Azeddine Beghdadi , Mohib Ullah , Faouzi Alaya Cheikh , Malik Mallem

Coverage analysis is essential for validating the safety of autonomous driving systems, yet existing approaches typically assess coverage factors individually or in limited combinations, struggling to capture the complex interactions…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-03 Thomas Muehlenstädt , Marius Bause