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We address the problem of optimally controlling Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) arriving from two multi-lane roads and merging at multiple points where the objective is to jointly minimize the travel time and energy consumption of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-02 Wei Xiao , Christos G. Cassandras , Calin Belta

Vehicle automation technology has made significant progress, laying the groundwork for a future of fully automated vehicles. This paper delves into the operation of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). In prior work, we developed a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-10 Filippos N. Tzortzoglou , Dionysios Theodosis , Andreas Malikopoulos

In preparing for connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), a worrisome aspect is the transition era which will be characterized by mixed traffic (where CAVs and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) share the roadway). Consistent with expectations…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-13 Runjia Du , Sikai Chen , Yujie Li , Jiqian Dong , Paul Young Joun Ha , Samuel Labi

Achieving both safety guarantees and real-time performance in cooperative vehicle coordination remains a fundamental challenge, particularly in dynamic and uncertain environments. Existing methods often suffer from insufficient uncertainty…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Haojie Bai , Tingting Zhang , Cong Guo , Yang Wang , Xiongwei Zhao , Hai Zhu

We present a hierarchical control approach for maneuvering an autonomous vehicle (AV) in tightly-constrained environments where other moving AVs and/or human driven vehicles are present. A two-level hierarchy is proposed: a high-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Xu Shen , Edward L. Zhu , Yvonne R. Stürz , Francesco Borrelli

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) rely on wireless communication to exchange state information for distributed control, making communication delays a critical factor that can affect vehicle motion and degrade control performance,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chen Huang , Ronghui Hou

Vehicle platooning using connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) has attracted considerable attention. In this paper, we address the problem of optimal coordination of CAV platoons at a highway on-ramp merging. We present a single-level…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-17 A M Ishtiaque Mahbub , Behdad Chalaki , Andreas A. Malikopoulos

In earlier work, a decentralized optimal control framework was established for coordinating online connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) at urban intersections. The policy designating the sequence that each CAV crosses the intersection,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-16 Andreas A. Malikopoulos , Liuhui Zhao

In part II, we present a fully distributed nonlinear variable time headway space strategy to ensure the subsequent safe cruising and junction crossing, where the cooperative perception of multiple neighbors stimuli and the cooperative…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-05 Bohui Wang , Rong Su

In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical decision-making framework for emerging mobility systems. Despite numerous studies focusing on optimizing vehicle flow, practical feasibility has often been overlooked. To address this gap, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-23 Heeseung Bang , Andreas A. Malikopoulos

Human drivers may behave in an imprecise/unstable manner, leading to traffic oscillations which are harmful to traffic throughput. Recent field experiments have shown that the control of a single autonomous vehicle (AV) can increase traffic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-04 Ronan L. Keane , H. Oliver Gao

A recently proposed paradigm for vehicular traffic in the era of CAV (connected and automated vehicles), called TrafficFluid, involves lane-free vehicle movement. Lane-free traffic implies that incremental road widening (narrowing) leads to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-18 Milad Malekzadeh , Ioannis Papamichail , Markos Papageorgiou , Klaus Bogenberger

We study the design of robust and agile controllers for hybrid underactuated systems. Our approach breaks down the task of creating a stabilizing controller into: 1) learning a mapping that is invariant under optimal control, and 2) driving…

In this paper, we provide a decentralized theoretical framework for coordination of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) at different traffic scenarios. The framework includes: (1) an upper-level optimization that yields for each CAV its…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-14 Andreas A. Malikopoulos , Logan E. Beaver , Ioannis Vasileios Chremos

We study the dynamics and equilibria of a new kind of routing games, where players - drivers of future autonomous vehicles - may switch between individual (HDV) and collective (CAV) routing. In individual routing, just like today, drivers…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Grzegorz Jamróz , Rafał Kucharski , David Watling

The cooperation of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) has shown great potential in improving traffic efficiency during intersection management. Existing research mainly focuses on intersections where lane changing is prohibited, which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Chaoyi Chen , Mengchi Cai , Jiawei Wang , Kai Li , Qing Xu , Jianqiang Wang , Keqiang Li

Transportation system is facing a sharp disruption since the Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) can free people from driving and provide good driving experience with the aid of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications. Although CAVs bring…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Kai Xiong , Supeng Leng , Xiaosha Chen , Chongwen Huang , Chau Yuen , Yong Liang Guan

Recent advancements in connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) technology have sparked growing research interest in lane-free traffic (LFT). LFT envisions a scenario where all vehicles are CAVs, coordinating their movements without lanes to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Arslan Ali Syed , Majid Rostami-Shahrbabaki , Klaus Bogenberger

We extend earlier work establishing a framework for optimally controlling Connected Automated Vehicles (CAVs) crossing a signal free intersection by jointly optimizing energy and travel time. We derive explicit optimal control solutions in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Yue Zhang , Christos G. Cassandras

Safety is a primary concern when applying reinforcement learning to real-world control tasks, especially in the presence of external disturbances. However, existing safe reinforcement learning algorithms rarely account for external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Zeyang Li , Chuxiong Hu , Shengbo Eben Li , Jia Cheng , Yunan Wang