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Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can eliminate detector side channels and prevent all attacks on detectors. The future of MDI-QKD is a quantum network that provides service to many users over untrusted relay…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-23 Wenyuan Wang , Feihu Xu , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Device-independent quantum cryptographic schemes aim to guarantee security to users based only on the output statistics of any components used, and without the need to verify their internal functionality. Since this would protect users…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-07 Jonathan Barrett , Roger Colbeck , Adrian Kent

Bell nonlocality, the fact that local hidden variable models cannot reproduce the correlations obtained by measurements on entangled states, is a cornerstone in our modern understanding of quantum theory. Apart from its fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-04 M. G. M. Moreno , Samuraí Brito , Ranieri V. Nery , Rafael Chaves

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically provides unconditional security between remote parties. However, guaranteeing practical security through device characterisation alone is challenging in real-world implementations due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Hao Dong , Cong Jiang , Di Ma , Chi Zhang , Jia Huang , Hao Li , Li-Xing You , Yang Liu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two parties to securely share encryption keys by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, offering protection against eavesdropping. In practical implementations, QKD systems often rely on a…

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is immune to all security loopholes on detection. Previous experiments on MDI-QKD required spatially separated signal lasers and complicated stabilization systems. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-30 Guang-Zhao Tang , Shi-Hai Sun , Feihu Xu , Huan Chen , Chun-Yan Li , Lin-Mei Liang

Device-independence is the gold standard of quantum cryptography. To meet this standard, a central assumption is that no information leakage occurs during protocol execution. We relax this assumption by analyzing CHSH-based randomness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Víctor Zapatero , Marcos Curty

One of the striking properties of quantum mechanics is the occurrence of the Bell-type non-locality. They are a fundamental feature of the theory that allows two parties that share an entangled quantum system to observe correlations…

Randomness is an invaluable resource in today's life with a broad use reaching from numerical simulations through randomized algorithms to cryptography. However, on the classical level no true randomness is available and even the use of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-24 Mataj Pivoluska , Martin Plesch

We perform a proof-of-principle demonstration of the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol using weak coherent states and polarization-encoded qubits over two optical fiber links of 8.5 km each. Each…

We derive a sufficient condition for advantage distillation to be secure against collective attacks in device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD), focusing on the repetition-code protocol. In addition, we describe a semidefinite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-19 Ernest Y. -Z. Tan , Charles C. -W. Lim , Renato Renner

This paper introduces a novel device-independent quantum self-testing protocol designed specifically for multipartite quantum communication. By exploiting the quantum rigidity in Bell nonlocality, the protocol enables the certification of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Chon-Fai Kam , En-Jui Kuo

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology that ensures secure communication by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, such as the no-cloning theorem and quantum uncertainty. This chapter provides an overview of this quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Sebastian Kish , Josef Pieprzyk , Seyit Camtepe

To prove the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, several assumptions have to be imposed on users' devices. From an experimental point of view, it is preferable that such theoretical requirements are feasible and the number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Akihiro Mizutani

Quantum key distribution (QKD offers a long-term solution to establish information-theoretically secure keys between two distant users. In practice, with a careful characterization of quantum sources and the decoy-state method,…

We present a detailed description of a widely applicable mathematical model for quantum key distribution (QKD) systems implementing the measurement-device-independent (MDI) protocol. The model is tested by comparing its predictions with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-22 Philip Chan , Joshua A. Slater , Itzel Lucio-Martinez , Allison Rubenok , Wolfgang Tittel

We consider two remote parties connected to a relay by two quantum channels. To generate a secret key, they transmit coherent states to the relay, where the states are subject to a continuous-variable (CV) Bell detection. We study the ideal…

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) allows secure communications between two parties based on physical laws. However, most of the security proofs of QKD today make unrealistic assumptions and neglect many relevant device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-06 Margarida Pereira , Marcos Curty , Kiyoshi Tamaki

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows Alice and Bob to share a secret key over an insecure channel with proven information-theoretic security against an adversary whose strategy is bounded only by the laws of physics. Composability-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Kunal Dey , Reihaneh Safavi-Naini

Bit commitment and coin flipping occupy a unique place in the device-independent landscape, as the only device-independent protocols thus far suggested for these tasks are reliant on tripartite GHZ correlations. Indeed, we know of no other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-23 Nati Aharon , Serge Massar , Stefano Pironio , Jonathan Silman