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In Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks, achieving stealthy persistence within target systems is often crucial for an attacker's success. This persistence allows adversaries to maintain prolonged access, often evading detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Qi Liu , Muhammad Shoaib , Mati Ur Rehman , Kaibin Bao , Veit Hagenmeyer , Wajih Ul Hassan

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are stealthy customized attacks by intelligent adversaries. This paper deals with the detection of APTs that infiltrate cyber systems and compromise specifically targeted data and/or infrastructures.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Shana Moothedath , Dinuka Sahabandu , Joey Allen , Andrew Clark , Linda Bushnell , Wenke Lee , Radha Poovendran

Intrusion detection is an arms race; attackers evade intrusion detection systems by developing new attack vectors to sidestep known defense mechanisms. Provenance provides a detailed, structured history of the interactions of digital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Xueyuan Han , Thomas Pasquier , Margo Seltzer

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) pose a major cybersecurity challenge due to their stealth and ability to mimic normal system behavior, making detection particularly difficult in highly imbalanced datasets. Traditional anomaly detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Petko Valtchev , James Cheney , Talal Rahwan

Cyber-physical-social systems (CPSSs) have emerged in many applications over recent decades, requiring increased attention to security concerns. The rise of sophisticated threats like Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) makes ensuring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Saba Fathi Rabooki , Bowen Li , Falih Gozi Febrinanto , Ciyuan Peng , Elham Naghizade , Fengling Han , Feng Xia

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) pose a significant challenge in cybersecurity due to their stealthy and long-term nature. Modern supervised learning methods require extensive labeled data, which is often scarce in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , James Cheney , Talal Rahwan

The scarcity of data and the high complexity of Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) attacks have created challenges in comprehending their behavior and hindered the exploration of effective detection techniques. To create an effective APT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Almuthanna Alageel , Sergio Maffeis , Imperial College London

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are sophisticated multi-step attacks, planned and executed by skilled adversaries targeting modern government and enterprise networks. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) and User and Entity Behavior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Hazem M. Soliman , Geoff Salmon , Dušan Sovilj , Mohan Rao

Advanced persistent threats (APT) combine a variety of different attack forms ranging from social engineering to technical exploits. The diversity and usual stealthiness of APT turns them into a central problem of contemporary practical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Stefan Rass , Sandra König , Stefan Schauer

Advanced persistent threats (APTs) are stealthy attacks which make use of social engineering and deception to give adversaries insider access to networked systems. Against APTs, active defense technologies aim to create and exploit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Jeffrey Pawlick , Thi Thu Hang Nguyen , Edward Colbert , Quanyan Zhu

This paper is devoted to measuring the security of cyber networks under advanced persistent threats (APTs). First, an APT-based cyber attack-defense process is modeled as an individual-level dynamical system. Second, the dynamic model is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-13 Lu-Xing Yang , Pengdeng Li , Xiaofan Yang , Luosheng Wen , Yingbo Wu , Yuan Yan Tang

Risk assessment plays a crucial role in ensuring the security and resilience of modern computer systems. Existing methods for conducting risk assessments often suffer from tedious and time-consuming processes, making it challenging to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Simon Unger , Ektor Arzoglou , Markus Heinrich , Dirk Scheuermann , Stefan Katzenbeisser

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) present a considerable challenge to cybersecurity due to their stealthy, long-duration nature. Traditional supervised learning methods typically require large amounts of labeled data, which is often scarce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Talal Rahwan

We present ProvG-Searcher, a novel approach for detecting known APT behaviors within system security logs. Our approach leverages provenance graphs, a comprehensive graph representation of event logs, to capture and depict data provenance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Enes Altinisik , Fatih Deniz , Husrev Taha Sencar

APT, known as Advanced Persistent Threat, is a difficult challenge for cyber defence. These threats make many traditional defences ineffective as the vulnerabilities exploited by these threats are insiders who have access to and are within…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Mohammad Mamun , Kevin Shi

Modern enterprise networks comprise diverse and heterogeneous systems that support a wide range of services, making it challenging for administrators to track and analyze sophisticated attacks such as advanced persistent threats (APTs),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Seunghyeon Lee , Hyunmin Seo , Hwanjo Heo , Anduo Wang , Seungwon Shin , Jinwoo Kim

One of the most common and important destructive attacks on the victim system is Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)-attack. The APT attacker can achieve his hostile goals by obtaining information and gaining financial benefits regarding the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Javad Hassannataj Joloudari , Mojtaba Haderbadi , Amir Mashmool , Mohammad GhasemiGol , Shahab S. , Amir Mosavi

A cyber-attack is a malicious attempt by experienced hackers to breach the target information system. Usually, the cyber-attacks are characterized as hybrid TTPs (Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures) and long-term adversarial behaviors,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Mingqi Lv , Chengyu Dong , Tieming Chen , Tiantian Zhu , Qijie Song , Yuan Fan

In the last decade, a new class of cyber-threats has emerged. This new cybersecurity adversary is known with the name of "Advanced Persistent Threat" (APT) and is referred to different organizations that in the last years have been "in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-18 Giuseppe Laurenza , Riccardo Lazzeretti , Luca Mazzotti

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) infiltrate cyber systems and compromise specifically targeted data and/or resources through a sequence of stealthy attacks consisting of multiple stages. Dynamic information flow tracking has been proposed…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Shana Moothedath , Dinuka Sahabandu , Joey Allen , Andrew Clark , Linda Bushnell , Wenke Lee , Radha Poovendran