English
Related papers

Related papers: Using LLMs to Facilitate Formal Verification of RT…

200 papers

Hardware verification is crucial in modern SoC design, consuming around 70% of development time. SystemVerilog assertions ensure correct functionality. However, existing industrial practices rely on manual efforts for assertion generation,…

High-level synthesis (HLS) transforms an algorithmic description of hardware from a higher abstraction (e.g., C/C++) into a register-transfer level (RTL) design, offering reduced development time and greater flexibility in design space…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Xiaofeng Zhou , Linfeng Du , Guangyu Hu , Sharad Sinha , Hongce Zhang , Wei Zhang

SystemVerilog Assertions (SVAs) play a critical role in detecting and debugging functional bugs in digital chip design. However, generating SVAs has traditionally been a manual, labor-intensive, and error-prone process. Recent advances in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Fenghua Wu , Evan Pan , Rahul Kande , Michael Quinn , Aakash Tyagi , David Kebo Houngninou , Jeyavijayan Rajendran , Jiang Hu

Verifying hardware designs in embedded systems is crucial but often labor-intensive and time-consuming. While existing solutions have improved automation, they frequently rely on unrealistic assumptions. To address these challenges, we…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yuchen Hu , Junhao Ye , Ke Xu , Jialin Sun , Shiyue Zhang , Xinyao Jiao , Dingrong Pan , Jie Zhou , Ning Wang , Weiwei Shan , Xinwei Fang , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

Verification is one of the central tasks in circuit and system design. While simulation and emulation are widely used, complete correctness can only be ensured based on formal proof techniques. But these approaches often have very high run…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Rolf Drechsler

Existing Large Language Model (LLM) approaches to SystemVerilog Assertion (SVA) generation primarily focus on syntactic validity and formal verification outcomes, while semantic alignment between generated assertions and natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jaime Rafael Imperial , Hao Zheng

Validation is a central activity when developing formal specifications. Similarly to coding, a possible validation technique is to define upfront test cases or scenarios that a future specification should satisfy or not. Unfortunately,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Alcino Cunha , Nuno Macedo

Assertion-based verification (ABV) is a cornerstone of modern hardware design, yet manually translating design intent into formal SystemVerilog Assertions (SVAs) remains labor-intensive and error-prone. While Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuchao Wu , Wenji Fang , Jing Wang , Wenkai Li , Ziyan Guo , Zhiyao Xie

Recent frontier large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in identifying security vulnerabilities in large, mature open-source systems. As LLM-generated code becomes increasingly common, a natural goal is to prevent such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhaorui Li , Chengyu Song

Ensuring the correctness of smart contracts is critical, as even subtle flaws can lead to severe financial losses. While bug detection tools able to spot common vulnerability patterns can serve as a first line of defense, most real-world…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Massimo Bartoletti , Enrico Lipparini , Livio Pompianu

Debugging formal verification (FV) failures represents one of the most time-consuming bottlenecks in modern hardware design workflows. When properties fail, engineers must manually trace through complex counter-examples spanning multiple…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yunsheng Bai , Ghaith Bany Hamad , Chia-Tung Ho , Syed Suhaib , Haoxing Ren

The remarkable reasoning and code generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have recently motivated increasing interest in automating formal verification (FV), a process that ensures hardware correctness through mathematically…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Lily Jiaxin Wan , Chia-Tung Ho , Yunsheng Bai , Cunxi Yu , Deming Chen , Haoxing Ren

RTL implementations frequently lack up-to-date or consistent specifications, making comprehension, maintenance, and verification costly and error-prone. While prior work has explored generating specifications from RTL using large language…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Fu-Chieh Chang , Yu-Hsin Yang , Hung-Ming Huang , Yun-Chia Hsu , Yin-Yu Lin , Ming-Fang Tsai , Chun-Chih Yang , Pei-Yuan Wu

Software vulnerabilities continue to be ubiquitous, even in the era of AI-powered code assistants, advanced static analysis tools, and the adoption of extensive testing frameworks. It has become apparent that we must not simply prevent…

Register-Transfer Level (RTL) verification is a primary bottleneck, consuming 60-70% of development time. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for RTL automation, their performance and research focus have overwhelmingly centered…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yujie Zhao , Zhijing Wu , Boqin Yuan , Zhongming Yu , Hejia Zhang , Wentao Ni , Chia-Tung Ho , Haoxing Ren , Jishen Zhao

Automating hardware design could obviate a significant amount of human error from the engineering process and lead to fewer errors. Verilog is a popular hardware description language to model and design digital systems, thus generating…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Shailja Thakur , Baleegh Ahmad , Zhenxing Fan , Hammond Pearce , Benjamin Tan , Ramesh Karri , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Siddharth Garg

Hardware design verification (DV) is a process that checks the functional equivalence of a hardware design against its specifications, improving hardware reliability and robustness. A key task in the DV process is the test stimuli…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Zixi Zhang , Balint Szekely , Pedro Gimenes , Greg Chadwick , Hugo McNally , Jianyi Cheng , Robert Mullins , Yiren Zhao

System Verilog Assertion (SVA) formulation -- a critical yet complex task is a prerequisite in the Assertion Based Verification (ABV) process. Traditionally, SVA formulation involves expert-driven interpretation of specifications, which is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Bhabesh Mali , Karthik Maddala , Vatsal Gupta , Sweeya Reddy , Chandan Karfa , Ramesh Karri

Large Language Models (LLMs) are computational models capable of performing complex natural language processing tasks. Leveraging these capabilities, LLMs hold the potential to transform the entire hardware design stack, with predictions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Mubashir ul Islam , Humza Sami , Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon , Valerio Tenace

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in automated software engineering, yet their guarantee of correctness is frequently undermined by erroneous or hallucinated code. To enforce model honesty, formal verification requires LLMs to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Md Erfan , Md Kamal Hossain Chowdhury , Ahmed Ryan , Md Rayhanur Rahman