Related papers: Element Abundances in Impulsive Solar Energetic-Pa…

We investigated 64 pairs of interacting-CME events identified by the simultaneous observations of SOHO and STEREO spacecraft from 2010 January to 2014 August, to examine the relationship between the large SEP events in the energy of…

It is well established that elemental abundances vary in the solar atmosphere and that this variation is organized by first ionization potential (FIP). Previous studies have shown that in the solar corona low-FIP elements, such as Fe, Si,…

We revisit the full variety of observed temporal and spatial distributions of energetic solar protons in "gradual" solar energetic-particle (SEP) events resulting from the spatial variations in the shock waves that accelerate them.…

This paper presents a stochastic three-dimensional (3D) focused transport simulation of solar energetic particles (SEPs) produced by a data-driven coronal mass ejection (CME) shock propagating through a data-driven model of coronal and…

Solar energetic particles (SEPs), accelerated during solar eruptions, are observed to rapidly reach a wide heliolongitudinal range in the interplanetary space. To access these locations, the SEPs must have either been accelerated at a wide…

Impulsive solar energetic electrons are often observed in the interplanetary space near the Earth and have an attractive diagnostic potential for poorly understood solar flare acceleration processes. We investigate the transport of solar…

We present a 2D kinematic model to study the acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs) at a shock driven by a coronal mass ejection. The shock is assumed to be spherical about an origin that is offset from the center of the Sun. This…

Sunquakes are enhanced seismic waves excited in some energetic solar flares. Up to now, their origin has still been controversial. In this Letter, we select and study 20 strong flares in Solar Cycle 24, whose impulse phase is fully captured…

An outstanding problem in heliospheric physics is understanding the acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEP) in coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and flares. A fundamental question is whether the acceleration occurs in interplanetary…

On 2019 May 6, the Lunar Lander Neutron & Dosimetry (LND) Experiment on board the Chang'E-4 on the far-side of the Moon detected its first small solar energetic particle (SEP) event with proton energies up to 21MeV. Combined proton energy…

Aims The possible influence of solar superflares on the near-Earth space radiation environment are assessed through the investigation of scaling laws between the peak proton flux and fluence of Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events with the…

We use multiwavelength data from space and ground based instruments to study the solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on January 23, 2012 that were responsible for one of the largest solar energetic particle (SEP) events of solar…

Heavy ion ratio abundances in Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events, e.g.~Fe/O, often exhibit decreases over time. Using particle instruments on the ACE, SOHO and STEREO spacecraft, we analysed heavy ion data from 4 SEP events taking place…

We present case studies of two impulsive solar energetic electron (SEE) events during which particles at energies from 1-600 keV were detected by THEMIS-ARTEMIS orbiting the Moon, Wind at Earth's first Lagrange point, and (for one event)…

{\sl Ground Level Enhancement (GLE)} events represent the largest class of {\sl solar energetic particle (SEP)} events that require acceleration processes to produce $\gapprox 1$ GeV ions in order to produce showers of secondary particles…

Despite the significant progress achieved in recent years, the physical mechanisms underlying the origin of solar energetic particles (SEPs) are still a matter of debate. The complex nature of both particle acceleration and transport poses…

Impulsive solar energetic particle events are widely believed to be due to the prompt escape into the interplanetary medium of flare-accelerated particles produced by solar eruptive events. According to the standard model for such events,…

An interval of exceptional solar activity was registered in early September 2017, late in the decay phase of solar cycle 24, involving the complex Active Region 12673 as it rotated across the western hemisphere with respect to Earth. A…

Shock waves driven by fast and wide coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are highly efficient particle accelerators involved in the production of solar energetic particle (SEP) events. The gradual SEP event measured by STEREO-A and B on October…

Suprathermal ions in the corona are thought to serve as seed particles for large gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events associated with fast and wide coronal mass ejections (CMEs). A better understanding of the role of suprathermal…