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In a number of machine learning models, an input query is searched across the trained class vectors to find the closest feature class vector in cosine similarity metric. However, performing the cosine similarities between the vectors in…

Deep random forest (DRF), which incorporates the core features of deep learning and random forest (RF), exhibits comparable classification accuracy, interpretability, and low memory and computational overhead when compared with deep neural…

Compute-in-memory (CiM) emerges as a promising solution to solve hardware challenges in artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), particularly addressing the "memory wall" issue. By utilizing nonvolatile memory (NVM)…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yifei Zhou , Thomas Kämpfe , Kai Ni , Hussam Amrouch , Cheng Zhuo , Xunzhao Yin

While memory-augmented neural networks (MANNs) offer an effective solution for few-shot learning (FSL) by integrating deep neural networks with external memory, the capacity requirements and energy overhead of data movement become enormous…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Hao-Wei Chiang , Chi-Tse Huang , Hsiang-Yun Cheng , Po-Hao Tseng , Ming-Hsiu Lee , An-Yeu , Wu

Despite the parallel in-memory search capabilities of content addressable memories (CAMs), their use in applications is constrained by their limited resolution that worsens as they are scaled to larger arrays or advanced nodes. In this work…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Siri Narla , Steven J. Koester , Rebecca A. Dawley , Ageeth A. Bol , Piyush Kumar , Azad Naeemi

Recent advances in machine learning and neuro-inspired systems enabled the increased interest in efficient pattern recognition at the edge. A wide variety of applications, such as near-sensor classification, require fast and low-power…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-31 Patrick Foster , Georgios Papandroulidakis , Alex Serb , Spyros Stathopoulos Themis Prodromakis

Realizing today's cloud-level artificial intelligence functionalities directly on devices distributed at the edge of the internet calls for edge hardware capable of processing multiple modalities of sensory data (e.g. video, audio) at…

Analog compute-in-memory (CIM) in static random-access memory (SRAM) is promising for accelerating deep learning inference by circumventing the memory wall and exploiting ultra-efficient analog low-precision arithmetic. Latest analog CIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Zhiyu Chen , Ziyuan Wen , Weier Wan , Akhil Reddy Pakala , Yiwei Zou , Wei-Chen Wei , Zengyi Li , Yubei Chen , Kaiyuan Yang

Ternary content addressable memories (TCAMs) are useful for certain computing tasks since they allow us to compare a search query with a whole dataset stored in the memory array. They can also unlock unique advantages for cryogenic…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Shamiul Alam , Simon Thomann , Shivendra Singh Parihar , Yogesh Singh Chauhan , Kai Ni , Hussam Amrouch , Ahmedullah Aziz

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising approach to alleviating the memory wall problem for domain-specific applications. Compared to current-domain CiM solutions, charge-domain CiM shows the opportunity for higher energy efficiency and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Guodong Yin , Yi Cai , Juejian Wu , Zhengyang Duan , Zhenhua Zhu , Yongpan Liu , Yu Wang , Huazhong Yang , Xueqing Li

Accelerating finite automata processing is critical for advancing real-time analytic in pattern matching, data mining, bioinformatics, intrusion detection, and machine learning. Recent in-memory automata accelerators leveraging SRAMs and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Yi Huang , Zhiyu Chen , Dai Li , Kaiyuan Yang

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising solution for addressing the challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) hardware such as 'memory wall' issue. Specifically, CiM employing nonvolatile memory (NVM)…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Yifei Zhou , Xuchu Huang , Jianyi Yang , Kai Ni , Hussam Amrouch , Cheng Zhuo , Xunzhao Yin

Despite the impressive search rate of one key per clock cycle, the update stage of a random-access-memory-based content-addressable-memory (RAM-based CAM) always suffers high latency. Two primary causes of such latency include: (1) the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-06-28 Xuan-Thuan Nguyen , Trong-Thuc Hoang , Hong-Thu Nguyen , Katsumi Inoue , Cong-Kha Pham

Transformers face scalability challenges due to the quadratic cost of attention, which involves dense similarity computations between queries and keys. We propose CAMformer, a novel accelerator that reinterprets attention as an associative…

To index the increasing volume of data, modern data indexes are typically stored on SSDs and cached in DRAM. However, searching such an index has resulted in significant I/O traffic due to limited access locality and inefficient cache…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Yun-Chih Chen , Yuan-Hao Chang , Tei-Wei Kuo

The exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) applications has exposed the inefficiency of conventional von Neumann architectures, where frequent data transfers between compute units and memory create significant energy and latency…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-18 James Read , Ming-Yen Lee , Wei-Hsing Huang , Yuan-Chun Luo , Anni Lu , Shimeng Yu

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures have demonstrated great potential in accelerating numerous deep learning tasks. Particularly, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices provide a promising hardware substrate to build PIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Weidong Cao , Yilong Zhao , Adith Boloor , Yinhe Han , Xuan Zhang , Li Jiang

Decision trees are considered one of the most powerful tools for data classification. Accelerating the decision tree search is crucial for on-the-edge applications that have limited power and latency budget. In this paper, we propose a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Mariam Rakka , Mohammed E. Fouda , Rouwaida Kanj , Fadi Kurdahi

Ternary content addressable memory (TCAM), widely used in network routers and high-associativity caches, is gaining popularity in machine learning and data-analytic applications. Ferroelectric FETs (FeFETs) are a promising candidate for…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Liu Liu , Shubham Kumar , Simon Thomann , Yogesh Singh Chauhan , Hussam Amrouch , Xiaobo Sharon Hu

Similarity search is a key to a variety of applications including content-based search for images and video, recommendation systems, data deduplication, natural language processing, computer vision, databases, computational biology, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Vincent T. Lee , Amrita Mazumdar , Carlo C. del Mundo , Armin Alaghi , Luis Ceze , Mark Oskin