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In this paper, we explore the application of cognitive intelligence in legal knowledge, focusing on the development of judicial artificial intelligence. Utilizing natural language processing (NLP) as the core technology, we propose a method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jie Zhou , Xin Chen , Hang Zhang , Zhe Li

Court judgments reveal how legal rules have been interpreted and applied to facts, providing a foundation for understanding structured legal reasoning. However, existing automated approaches for capturing legal reasoning, including large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ryoma Kondo , Riona Matsuoka , Takahiro Yoshida , Kazuyuki Yamasawa , Ryohei Hisano

Legal decision-making process requires the availability of comprehensive and detailed legislative background knowledge and up-to-date information on legal cases and related sentences/decisions. Legal Knowledge Graphs (KGs) would be a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Claudia dAmato , Giuseppe Rubini , Francesco Didio , Donato Francioso , Fatima Zahra Amara , Nicola Fanizzi

This paper proposes a knowledge-based legal document assembly method that uses a machine-readable representation of knowledge of legal professionals. This knowledgebase has two components - the formal knowledge of legal norms represented as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Marko Marković , Stevan Gostojić

Automatic knowledge graph construction aims to manufacture structured human knowledge. To this end, much effort has historically been spent extracting informative fact patterns from different data sources. However, more recently, research…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Lingfeng Zhong , Jia Wu , Qian Li , Hao Peng , Xindong Wu

This paper presents our experience on building RDF knowledge graphs for an industrial use case in the legal domain. The information contained in legal information systems are often accessed through simple keyword interfaces and presented as…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Ademar Crotti Junior , Fabrizio Orlandi , Declan O'Sullivan , Christian Dirschl , Quentin Reul

Judicial efficiency is critical to social stability. However, in many countries worldwide, grassroots courts face substantial case backlogs, and judicial decisions remain heavily dependent on judges' cognitive efforts, with insufficient…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yongming Chen , Miner Chen , Ye Zhu , Juan Pei , Siyu Chen , Yu Zhou , Yi Wang , Yifan Zhou , Hao Li , Songan Zhang

Legal dispute analysis is crucial for intelligent legal assistance systems. However, current LLMs face significant challenges in understanding complex legal concepts, maintaining reasoning consistency, and accurately citing legal sources.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Mingda Zhang , Na Zhao , Jianglong Qing , Qing xu , Kaiwen Pan , Ting luo

Increasing amounts of freely available data both in textual and relational form offers exploration of richer document representations, potentially improving the model performance and robustness. An emerging problem in the modern era is fake…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Boshko Koloski , Timen Stepišnik-Perdih , Marko Robnik-Šikonja , Senja Pollak , Blaž Škrlj

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) advances flat document retrieval by structuring knowledge as relational graphs, enabling more coherent and effective reasoning. However, applying it to specific domains like legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zerui Chen , Qinggang Zhang , Zhishang Xiang , Zhimin Wei , Linfeng Gao , Xiao Huang , Zhihong Zhang , Jinsong Su

We study question answering over a dynamic textual environment. Although neural network models achieve impressive accuracy via learning from input-output examples, they rarely leverage various types of knowledge and are generally not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Wanjun Zhong , Duyu Tang , Nan Duan , Ming Zhou , Jiahai Wang , Jian Yin

The continuous growth of scientific literature brings innovations and, at the same time, raises new challenges. One of them is related to the fact that its analysis has become difficult due to the high volume of published papers for which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Danilo Dessì , Francesco Osborne , Diego Reforgiato Recupero , Davide Buscaldi , Enrico Motta

Despite growing interest, accurately and reliably representing unstructured data, such as court decisions, in a structured form, remains a challenge. Recent advancements in generative AI applied to language modeling enabled the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Alexander V. Belikov , Sacha Raoult

With the continuous progress of digitization in Chinese judicial institutions, a substantial amount of electronic legal document information has been accumulated. To unlock its potential value, entity and relation extraction for legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Binglin Wu , Xianneng Li

Enterprise knowledge graphs combine business data and organizational knowledge by means of a semantic network of concepts, properties, individuals and relationships. The graph-based integration of previously unconnected information with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Sascha Meckler

A legal knowledge graph constructed from court cases, judgments, laws and other legal documents can enable a number of applications like question answering, document similarity, and search. While the use of knowledge graphs for distant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jaspreet Singh Dhani , Ruchika Bhatt , Balaji Ganesan , Parikshet Sirohi , Vasudha Bhatnagar

Knowledge graphs have emerged as a sophisticated advancement and refinement of semantic networks, and their deployment is one of the critical methodologies in contemporary artificial intelligence. The construction of knowledge graphs is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Daqian Shi

Human smuggling networks are increasingly adaptive and difficult to analyze. Legal case documents offer valuable insights but are unstructured, lexically dense, and filled with ambiguous or shifting references-posing challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Dipak Meher , Carlotta Domeniconi , Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera

Knowledge graphs are an efficient method for representing and connecting information across various concepts, useful in reasoning, question answering, and knowledge base completion tasks. They organize data by linking points, enabling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Saher Mohamed , Kirollos Farah , Abdelrahman Lotfy , Kareem Rizk , Abdelrahman Saeed , Shahenda Mohamed , Ghada Khouriba , Tamer Arafa

Language models are trained on large volumes of text, and as a result their parameters might contain a significant body of factual knowledge. Any downstream task performed by these models implicitly builds on these facts, and thus it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Roi Cohen , Mor Geva , Jonathan Berant , Amir Globerson
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