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One of the goals of neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence is to exploit background knowledge to improve the performance of learning tasks. However, most of the existing frameworks focus on the simplified scenario where knowledge does not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Luca Salvatore Lorello , Marco Lippi , Stefano Melacci

Current advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have achieved unprecedented impact across research communities and industry. Nevertheless, concerns about trust, safety, interpretability and accountability of AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Artur d'Avila Garcez , Luis C. Lamb

We propose neural-symbolic integration for abstract concept explanation and interactive learning. Neural-symbolic integration and explanation allow users and domain-experts to learn about the data-driven decision making process of large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Benedikt Wagner , Artur d'Avila Garcez

In this paper, we introduce Neural Probabilistic Soft Logic (NeuPSL), a novel neuro-symbolic (NeSy) framework that unites state-of-the-art symbolic reasoning with the low-level perception of deep neural networks. To model the boundary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Connor Pryor , Charles Dickens , Eriq Augustine , Alon Albalak , William Wang , Lise Getoor

Symbolic has been long considered as a language of human intelligence while neural networks have advantages of robust computation and dealing with noisy data. The integration of neural-symbolic can offer better learning and reasoning while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-23 Son N. Tran

Time series classification is a task of paramount importance, as this kind of data often arises in safety-critical applications. However, it is typically tackled with black-box deep learning methods, making it hard for humans to understand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Irene Ferfoglia , Simone Silvetti , Gaia Saveri , Laura Nenzi , Luca Bortolussi

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a powerful new language of science as evidenced by recent Nobel Prizes in chemistry and physics that recognized contributions to AI applied to those areas. Yet, this new language lacks semantics, which makes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Artur d'Avila Garcez , Simon Odense

Neural networks have emerged as a powerful tool for modeling physical systems, offering the ability to learn complex representations from limited data while integrating foundational scientific knowledge. In particular, neuro-symbolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Wenkai Tan , Alvaro Velasquez , Houbing Song

Non-markovian Reinforcement Learning (RL) tasks are very hard to solve, because agents must consider the entire history of state-action pairs to act rationally in the environment. Most works use symbolic formalisms (as Linear Temporal Logic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Elena Umili , Francesco Argenziano , Roberto Capobianco

The dynamic nature of driving environments and the presence of diverse road users pose significant challenges for decision-making in autonomous driving. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a popular approach to tackle this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Iman Sharifi , Mustafa Yildirim , Saber Fallah

Research on integrated neural-symbolic systems has made significant progress in the recent past. In particular the understanding of ways to deal with symbolic knowledge within connectionist systems (also called artificial neural networks)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Sebastian Bader , Pascal Hitzler

Deep learning (DL) based language models achieve high performance on various benchmarks for Natural Language Inference (NLI). And at this time, symbolic approaches to NLI are receiving less attention. Both approaches (symbolic and DL) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Zeming Chen , Qiyue Gao , Lawrence S. Moss

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has gained great success by learning directly from high-dimensional sensory inputs, yet is notorious for the lack of interpretability. Interpretability of the subtasks is critical in hierarchical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Daoming Lyu , Fangkai Yang , Bo Liu , Steven Gustafson

Neural networks have been rapidly expanding in recent years, with novel strategies and applications. However, challenges such as interpretability, explainability, robustness, safety, trust, and sensibility remain unsolved in neural network…

Deep neural networks, empowered by pre-trained language models, have achieved remarkable results in natural language understanding (NLU) tasks. However, their performances can drastically deteriorate when logical reasoning is needed. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Zhixuan Liu , Zihao Wang , Yuan Lin , Hang Li

Graph neural networks (GNNs) excel at predictive tasks on graph-structured data but often lack the ability to incorporate symbolic domain knowledge and perform general reasoning. Relational Bayesian Networks (RBNs), in contrast, enable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Raffaele Pojer , Andrea Passerini , Kim G. Larsen , Manfred Jaeger

Building models for realistic natural language tasks requires dealing with long texts and accounting for complicated structural dependencies. Neural-symbolic representations have emerged as a way to combine the reasoning capabilities of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Maria Leonor Pacheco , Dan Goldwasser

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) may explore infeasible actions during training and execution. Existing approaches assume a symbol grounding function that maps high-dimensional states to consistent symbolic representations and a manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Shuai Han , Mehdi Dastani , Shihan Wang

In recent years, neuro-symbolic methods have become a popular and powerful approach that augments artificial intelligence systems with the capability to perform abstract, logical, and quantitative deductions with enhanced precision and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yuxuan Wu , Hideki Nakayama

We introduce Spectral NSR, a fully spectral neuro-symbolic reasoning framework that embeds logical rules as spectral templates and performs inference directly in the graph spectral domain. By leveraging graph signal processing (GSP) and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Andrew Kiruluta , Priscilla Burity