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Background: Encouraged by the success of pretrained Transformer models in many natural language processing tasks, their use for International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding tasks is now actively being explored. In this study, we…

Significant advancements have been made in single label incremental learning (SLCIL),yet the more practical and challenging multi label class incremental learning (MLCIL) remains understudied. Recently,visual language models such as CLIP…

The major challenge of learning from multi-label data has arisen from the overwhelming size of label space which makes this problem NP-hard. This problem can be alleviated by gradually involving easy to hard tags into the learning process.…

Multi-label image and video classification are fundamental yet challenging tasks in computer vision. The main challenges lie in capturing spatial or temporal dependencies between labels and discovering the locations of discriminative…

Automatic ICD coding is the task of assigning codes from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) to medical notes. These codes describe the state of the patient and have multiple applications, e.g., computer-assisted diagnosis or…

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding assigns diagnosis codes to clinical documents and is essential for healthcare billing and clinical analysis. Reliable coding requires that each predicted code be supported by explicit…

Multi-label text classification (MLTC) is the task of assigning multiple labels to a given text, and has a wide range of application domains. Most existing approaches require an enormous amount of annotated data to learn a classifier and/or…

Hierarchical attention networks have recently achieved remarkable performance for document classification in a given language. However, when multilingual document collections are considered, training such models separately for each language…

Multi-label text classification (MLC) is a challenging task in settings of large label sets, where label support follows a Zipfian distribution. In this paper, we address this problem through retrieval augmentation, aiming to improve the…

Recent advancements in natural language processing (NLP) have led to automation in various domains. However, clinical NLP often relies on benchmark datasets that may not reflect real-world scenarios accurately. Automatic ICD coding, a vital…

Clinical notes contain unstructured text provided by clinicians during patient encounters. These notes are usually accompanied by a sequence of diagnostic codes following the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Correctly…

Heart sound diagnosis and classification play an essential role in detecting cardiovascular disorders, especially when the remote diagnosis becomes standard clinical practice. Most of the current work is designed for single category based…

The number of categories of instances in the real world is normally huge, and each instance may contain multiple labels. To distinguish these massive labels utilizing machine learning, eXtreme Label Classification (XLC) has been…

Human coders assign standardized medical codes to clinical documents generated during patients' hospitalization, which is error-prone and labor-intensive. Automated medical coding approaches have been developed using machine learning…

Multi-label classification (MLC) is an ML task of predictive modeling in which a data instance can simultaneously belong to multiple classes. MLC is increasingly gaining interest in different application domains such as text mining,…

In many real-world tasks, particularly those involving data objects with complicated semantics such as images and texts, one object can be represented by multiple instances and simultaneously be associated with multiple labels. Such tasks…

In-context learning (ICL) is an emerging capability of large autoregressive language models where a few input-label demonstrations are appended to the input to enhance the model's understanding of downstream NLP tasks, without directly…

Data stream learning is a very relevant paradigm because of the increasing real-world scenarios generating data at high velocities and in unbounded sequences. Stream learning aims at developing models that can process instances as they…

Hierarchical text classification (HTC) is the task of assigning labels to a text within a structured space organized as a hierarchy. Recent works treat HTC as a conventional multilabel classification problem, therefore evaluating it as…

Automatic coding of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a multi-label text categorization task that involves extracting disease or procedure codes from clinical notes. Despite the application of state-of-the-art natural…