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The translation of pronouns presents a special challenge to machine translation to this day, since it often requires context outside the current sentence. Recent work on models that have access to information across sentence boundaries has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Mathias Müller , Annette Rios , Elena Voita , Rico Sennrich

Large language models (LLMs) can act as evaluators, a role studied by methods like LLM-as-a-Judge and fine-tuned judging LLMs. In the field of education, LLMs have been studied as assistant tools for students and teachers. Our research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Valeria Ramirez-Garcia , David de-Fitero-Dominguez , Antonio Garcia-Cabot , Eva Garcia-Lopez

The task of automatic text summarization has gained a lot of traction due to the recent advancements in machine learning techniques. However, evaluating the quality of a generated summary remains to be an open problem. The literature has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Raghav Jain , Vaibhav Mavi , Anubhav Jangra , Sriparna Saha

Context modeling is essential to generate coherent and consistent translation for Document-level Neural Machine Translations. The widely used method for document-level translation usually compresses the context information into a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Zhengxin Yang , Jinchao Zhang , Fandong Meng , Shuhao Gu , Yang Feng , Jie Zhou

This paper proposes an approach to cross-language sentence selection in a low-resource setting. It uses data augmentation and negative sampling techniques on noisy parallel sentence data to directly learn a cross-lingual embedding-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Yanda Chen , Chris Kedzie , Suraj Nair , Petra Galuščáková , Rui Zhang , Douglas W. Oard , Kathleen McKeown

This paper introduces "Semantic Scaling," a novel method for ideal point estimation from text. I leverage large language models to classify documents based on their expressed stances and extract survey-like data. I then use item response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Michael Burnham

Evaluating image captions without references remains challenging because global embedding similarity often misses fine-grained mismatches such as hallucinated objects, missing attributes, or incorrect relations. We propose MSD-Score, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Shichao Kan , Xuyang Zhang , Haojie Zhang , Zhe Zhu , Yigang Cen , Yixiong Liang , Lianlei Shan , Linna Zhang , Zhe Qu , Jiazhi Xia

This paper investigates the reference-less evaluation of machine translation for low-resource language pairs, known as quality estimation (QE). Segment-level QE is a challenging cross-lingual language understanding task that provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Archchana Sindhujan , Diptesh Kanojia , Constantin Orasan , Shenbin Qian

Low-latency sliding window algorithms for regular and context-free languages are studied, where latency refers to the worst-case time spent for a single window update or query. For every regular language $L$ it is shown that there exists a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Moses Ganardi , Louis Jachiet , Markus Lohrey , Thomas Schwentick

Representation learning is a critical ingredient for natural language processing systems. Recent Transformer language models like BERT learn powerful textual representations, but these models are targeted towards token- and sentence-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Arman Cohan , Sergey Feldman , Iz Beltagy , Doug Downey , Daniel S. Weld

Low-resource languages pose a challenge for machine translation with large language models (LLMs), which require large amounts of training data. One potential way to circumvent this data dependence is to rely on LLMs' ability to use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Jackson Petty , Jaulie Goe , Tal Linzen

Scientific papers make claims about prior work backed by citations. Verifying those citations at scale (that each cited paper exists, says what the citation claims, and is itself reliable) is structurally beyond what human review can…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sergey V Samsonau

Estimating the quality of machine translation systems has been an ongoing challenge for researchers in this field. Many previous attempts at using round-trip translation as a measure of quality have failed, and there is much disagreement as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Nathan Crone , Adam Power , John Weldon

Document-level context has received lots of attention for compensating neural machine translation (NMT) of isolated sentences. However, recent advances in document-level NMT focus on sophisticated integration of the context, explaining its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Yunsu Kim , Duc Thanh Tran , Hermann Ney

In this paper we revisit automatic metrics for paraphrase evaluation and obtain two findings that disobey conventional wisdom: (1) Reference-free metrics achieve better performance than their reference-based counterparts. (2) Most commonly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Lingfeng Shen , Lemao Liu , Haiyun Jiang , Shuming Shi

The zero-shot capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled highly flexible, reference-free metrics for various tasks, making LLM evaluators common tools in NLP. However, the robustness of these LLM evaluators remains relatively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Rickard Stureborg , Dimitris Alikaniotis , Yoshi Suhara

Automatic metrics for evaluating translation quality are typically validated by measuring how well they correlate with human assessments. However, correlation methods tend to capture only the ability of metrics to differentiate between good…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Sweta Agrawal , António Farinhas , Ricardo Rei , André F. T. Martins

Document-level neural machine translation (DocNMT) achieves coherent translations by incorporating cross-sentence context. However, for most language pairs there's a shortage of parallel documents, although parallel sentences are readily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Biao Zhang , Ankur Bapna , Melvin Johnson , Ali Dabirmoghaddam , Naveen Arivazhagan , Orhan Firat

This paper investigates two complementary paradigms for predicting machine translation (MT) quality: source-side difficulty prediction and candidate-side quality estimation (QE). The rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) into MT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Malik Marmonier , Benoît Sagot , Rachel Bawden

We present SentAlign, an accurate sentence alignment tool designed to handle very large parallel document pairs. Given user-defined parameters, the alignment algorithm evaluates all possible alignment paths in fairly large documents of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Steinþór Steingrímsson , Hrafn Loftsson , Andy Way