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The essential insight of quantum error correction was that quantum information can be protected by suitably encoding this quantum information across multiple independently erred quantum systems. Recently it was realized that, since the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dave Bacon , Andrea Casaccino

We present a fault-tolerant universal gate set consisting of Hadamard and controlled-controlled-Z (CCZ) on Bacon-Shor subsystem codes. Transversal non-Clifford gates on these codes are intriguing in that higher levels of the Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-05 Theodore J. Yoder

Quantum error correction is an essential ingredient for universal quantum computing. Despite tremendous experimental efforts in the study of quantum error correction, to date, there has been no demonstration in the realisation of universal…

Large-scale universal quantum computing requires the implementation of quantum error correction (QEC). While the implementation of QEC has already been demonstrated for quantum memories, reliable quantum computing requires also the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-20 Jingfu Zhang , Raymond Laflamme , Dieter Suter

Quantum states are very delicate, so it is likely some sort of quantum error correction will be necessary to build reliable quantum computers. The theory of quantum error-correcting codes has some close ties to and some striking differences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-17 Daniel Gottesman

A major goal for fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) is to reduce the overhead needed for error correction. One approach is to use block codes that encode multiple qubits, which can achieve significantly higher rates for the same code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-16 Todd A. Brun , Yi-Cong Zheng , Kung-Chuan Hsu , Joshua Job , Ching-Yi Lai

In this thesis we examine a variety of techniques for reducing the resources required for fault-tolerant quantum computation. First, we show how to simplify universal encoded computation by using only transversal gates and standard error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-21 Adam Paetznick

Quantum error correction is a crucial technology for fault tolerant quantum computing. On superconducting platforms, hardware defects in large scale quantum processors can disrupt the regular lattice structure of topological codes and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Tian-Hao Wei , Jia-Xuan Zhang , Jia-Ning Li , Wei-Cheng Kong , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

Fault-tolerant logical entangling gates are essential for scalable quantum computing, but are limited by the error rates and overheads of physical two-qubit gates and measurements. To address this limitation, we introduce phantom…

Color codes are a leading class of topological quantum error-correcting codes with modest error thresholds and structural compatibility with two-dimensional architectures, which make them well-suited for fault-tolerant quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Nitish Kumar Chandra , David Tipper , Reza Nejabati , Eneet Kaur , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan

Standard approaches to quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computing are based on encoding a single logical qubit into many physical ones, resulting in asymptotically zero encoding rates and therefore huge resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-06 Hayato Goto

Fault-tolerant (FT) computation by using quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for realizing large-scale quantum algorithms. Devices are expected to have enough qubits to demonstrate aspects of fault tolerance in the near future.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-24 Lingling Lao , Carmen G. Almudever

We present a comprehensive architectural analysis for a proposed fault-tolerant quantum computer based on cat codes concatenated with outer quantum error-correcting codes. For the physical hardware, we propose a system of acoustic…

To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from…

Quantum error correction is an essential component for practical quantum computing on noisy quantum hardware. However, logical operations on error-corrected qubits require a significant resource overhead, especially for high-precision and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-31 Hyeongrak Choi , Frederic T. Chong , Dirk Englund , Yongshan Ding

Using transversal gates is a straightforward and efficient technique for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Since transversal gates alone cannot be computationally universal, they must be combined with other approaches such as magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-04 Eesa Nikahd , Mehdi Sedighi , Morteza Saheb Zamani

Practical large-scale quantum computation requires both efficient error correction and robust implementation of logical operations. Three-dimensional (3D) color codes are a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computation due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Friederike Butt , Lars Esser , Markus Müller

It has been known that quantum error correction via concatenated codes can be done with exponentially small failure rate if the error rate for physical qubits is below a certain accuracy threshold. Other, unconcatenated codes with their own…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 Eric Dennis

We give a fault tolerant construction for error correction and computation using two punctured quantum Reed-Muller (PQRM) codes. In particular, we consider the $[[127,1,15]]$ self-dual doubly-even code that has transversal Clifford gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-01 Anqi Gong , Joseph M. Renes

Given any quantum error correcting code permitting universal fault-tolerant quantum computation and transversal measurement of logical X and Z, we describe how to perform time-optimal quantum computation, meaning the execution of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-05 Austin G. Fowler
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