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The hallucinations of large language models (LLMs) are increasingly mitigated by allowing LLMs to search for information and to ground their answers in real sources. Unfortunately, LLMs often struggle with posing the right search queries,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Sheryl Hsu , Omar Khattab , Chelsea Finn , Archit Sharma

Reasoning large language models (LLMs) excel in complex tasks, which has drawn significant attention to reinforcement learning (RL) for LLMs. However, existing approaches allocate an equal number of rollouts to all questions during the RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Mengqi Liao , Xiangyu Xi , Ruinian Chen , Jia Leng , Yangen Hu , Ke Zeng , Shuai Liu , Huaiyu Wan

Modern large language models (LLMs) are used in many business applications in general, and specifically in web search systems and applications that generate overviews of search results - LLM Overview systems. Such systems are using an LLM…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Roman Smirnov

The integration of retrieved passages and large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPTs, has significantly contributed to improving open-domain question answering. However, there is still a lack of exploration regarding the optimal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ye Liu , Semih Yavuz , Rui Meng , Meghana Moorthy , Shafiq Joty , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou

Large language models with billions of parameters, such as GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and LLaMA, are increasingly prevalent. Numerous studies have explored effective prompting techniques to harness the power of these LLMs for various research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Hai-Long Nguyen , Duc-Minh Nguyen , Tan-Minh Nguyen , Ha-Thanh Nguyen , Thi-Hai-Yen Vuong , Ken Satoh

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has increasingly shown its power in extending large language models' (LLMs') capability beyond their pre-trained knowledge. Existing works have shown that RAG can help with software development tasks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jingyi Chen , Songqiang Chen , Jialun Cao , Jiasi Shen , Shing-Chi Cheung

Ambiguous words or underspecified references require interlocutors to resolve them, often by relying on shared context and commonsense knowledge. Therefore, we systematically investigate whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Lukas Ellinger , Georg Groh

The large set of technical documentation of legacy accelerator systems, coupled with the retirement of experienced personnel, underscores the urgent need for efficient methods to preserve and transfer specialized knowledge. This paper…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Qing Dai , Rasmus Ischebeck , Maruisz Sapinski , Adam Grycner

Query rewrite, which aims to generate more efficient queries by altering a SQL query's structure without changing the query result, has been an important research problem. In order to maintain equivalence between the rewritten query and the…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Zhaodonghui Li , Haitao Yuan , Huiming Wang , Gao Cong , Lidong Bing

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized various domains but still struggle with non-Latin scripts and low-resource languages. This paper addresses the critical challenge of improving multilingual performance without extensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Somnath Kumar , Vaibhav Balloli , Mercy Ranjit , Kabir Ahuja , Sunayana Sitaram , Kalika Bali , Tanuja Ganu , Akshay Nambi

Training large language models is a computationally intensive process that often requires substantial resources to achieve state-of-the-art results. Incremental layer-wise training has been proposed as a potential strategy to optimize the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Miles Q. Li , Benjamin C. M. Fung , Shih-Chia Huang

This study investigates how Large Language Models (LLMs) leverage source and reference data in machine translation evaluation task, aiming to better understand the mechanisms behind their remarkable performance in this task. We design the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Xu Huang , Zhirui Zhang , Xiang Geng , Yichao Du , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit emerging in-context learning abilities through prompt engineering. The recent progress in large-scale generative models has further expanded their use in real-world language applications. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Linyi Yang , Shuibai Zhang , Zhuohao Yu , Guangsheng Bao , Yidong Wang , Jindong Wang , Ruochen Xu , Wei Ye , Xing Xie , Weizhu Chen , Yue Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely applied to assist in finding solutions for diverse questions. Prior work has proposed representing a method as a pair of a question and its corresponding solution, enabling method reuse.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Hong Su

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to generating factually incorrect information when responding to queries that involve numerical and statistical data or other timely facts. In this paper, we present an approach for enhancing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Prashanth Radhakrishnan , Jennifer Chen , Bo Xu , Prem Ramaswami , Hannah Pho , Adriana Olmos , James Manyika , R. V. Guha

Confidence estimation is crucial for reflecting the reliability of large language models (LLMs), particularly in the widely used closed-source models. Utilizing data augmentation for confidence estimation is viable, but discussions focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Rui Wang , Renyu Zhu , Minmin Lin , Runze Wu , Tangjie Lv , Changjie Fan , Haobo Wang

Recent studies suggest that the deeper layers of Large Language Models (LLMs) contribute little to representation learning and can often be removed without significant performance loss. However, such claims are typically drawn from narrow…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Xinyuan Song , Keyu Wang , PengXiang Li , Lu Yin , Shiwei Liu

Recent research has highlighted the importance of dataset size in scaling language models. However, large language models (LLMs) are notoriously token-hungry during pre-training, and high-quality text data on the web is approaching its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Fuzhao Xue , Yao Fu , Wangchunshu Zhou , Zangwei Zheng , Yang You

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved success in acting as agents, which interact with environments through tools such as search engines. However, LLMs are optimized for language generation instead of tool use during training or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Renxi Wang , Haonan Li , Xudong Han , Yixuan Zhang , Timothy Baldwin

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has drawn growing interest within the scientific community. LLMs can handle large volumes of textual data and support methods for evidence synthesis. Although recent studies highlight the potential of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Cauã Ferreira Barros , Marcos Kalinowski , Mohamad Kassab , Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto
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