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Related papers: Scaling Laws for Sparsely-Connected Foundation Mod…

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Optimal configuration of the learning rate (LR) is a fundamental yet formidable challenge in large-scale pre-training. Given the stringent trade-off between training costs and model performance, the pivotal question is whether the optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yunhua Zhou , Shuhao Xing , Junhao Huang , Xipeng Qiu , Qipeng Guo

There is a recent trend in machine learning to increase model quality by growing models to sizes previously thought to be unreasonable. Recent work has shown that autoregressive generative models with cross-entropy objective functions…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-18 Jasha Droppo , Oguz Elibol

Model sparsification in deep learning promotes simpler, more interpretable models with fewer parameters. This not only reduces the model's memory footprint and computational needs but also shortens inference time. This work focuses on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Richa Upadhyay , Ronald Phlypo , Rajkumar Saini , Marcus Liwicki

Neural scaling laws -- power-law relationships between loss, model size, and data -- have been extensively documented for language and vision transformers, yet their existence in single-cell genomics remains largely unexplored. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Ihor Kendiukhov

Fully finetuning foundation language models (LMs) with billions of parameters is often impractical due to high computational costs, memory requirements, and the risk of overfitting. Although methods like low-rank adapters help address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jonathan Svirsky , Yehonathan Refael , Ofir Lindenbaum

Neural scaling laws--power-law relationships between generalization errors and characteristics of deep learning models--are vital tools for developing reliable models while managing limited resources. Although the success of large language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Tilen Cadez , Kyoung-Min Kim

Large pre-trained transformers are show-stealer in modern-day deep learning, and it becomes crucial to comprehend the parsimonious patterns that exist within them as they grow in scale. With exploding parameter counts, Lottery Ticket…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Ajay Jaiswal , Shiwei Liu , Tianlong Chen , Zhangyang Wang

We introduce a model for neural scaling laws under sparse activations. In the model, test loss is often dominated by rare coordinates that are never observed in the training input. This mechanism induces a novel bottleneck absent from dense…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-25 John Sous , Michael Winer

Large language models (LLMs) demand substantial computational and memory resources, creating deployment challenges. Quantization-aware training (QAT) addresses these challenges by reducing model precision while maintaining performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Mengzhao Chen , Chaoyi Zhang , Jing Liu , Yutao Zeng , Zeyue Xue , Zhiheng Liu , Yunshui Li , Jin Ma , Jie Huang , Xun Zhou , Ping Luo

Continual Pre-training (CPT) serves as a fundamental approach for adapting foundation models to domain-specific applications. Scaling laws for pre-training define a power-law relationship between dataset size and the test loss of an LLM.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Lei Liu , Hao Zhu , Yue Shen , Zhixuan Chu , Jian Wang , Jinjie Gu , Kui Ren

Generalization abilities of well-trained large language models (LLMs) are known to scale predictably as a function of model size. In contrast to the existence of practical scaling laws governing pre-training, the quality of LLMs after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zifei Xu , Alexander Lan , Wanzin Yazar , Tristan Webb , Sayeh Sharify , Xin Wang

Efficient time series forecasting has become critical for real-world applications, particularly with deep neural networks (DNNs). Efficiency in DNNs can be achieved through sparse connectivity and reducing the model size. However, finding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Zahra Atashgahi , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Raymond Veldhuis , Decebal Constantin Mocanu

Despite recent advancements of large language models (LLMs), optimally predicting the model size for LLM pretraining or allocating optimal resources still remains a challenge. Several efforts have addressed the challenge by proposing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Md Arafat Hossain , Xingfu Wu , Valerie Taylor , Ali Jannesari

For years the model performance in machine learning obeyed a power-law relationship with the model size. For the consideration of parameter efficiency, recent studies focus on increasing model depth rather than width to achieve better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Ye Lin , Shuhan Zhou , Yanyang Li , Anxiang Ma , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Empirical studies demonstrate that the performance of neural networks improves with increasing number of parameters. In most of these studies, the number of parameters is increased by increasing the network width. This begs the question: Is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Anna Golubeva , Behnam Neyshabur , Guy Gur-Ari

As language models scale, the amount of data they require grows -- yet many target data sources, such as low-resource languages or specialized domains, are inherently limited in size. A common strategy is to mix this scarce but valuable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Anastasiia Sedova , Skyler Seto , Natalie Schluter , Pierre Ablin

Scaling laws guide the development of large language models (LLMs) by offering estimates for the optimal balance of model size, tokens, and compute. More recently, loss-to-loss scaling laws that relate losses across pretraining datasets and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Prasanna Mayilvahanan , Thaddäus Wiedemer , Sayak Mallick , Matthias Bethge , Wieland Brendel

The scaling law is becoming a fundamental law in many machine learning areas. That is, test error falls off with the power law when increasing training data, model size, and computing resource. However, whether this law is suitable for the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Jiayi Lin , Hande Dong , Yutao Xie , Lei Zhang

We investigate the impact of point spread function (PSF) fitting errors on cosmic shear measurements using the concepts of complexity and sparsity. Complexity, introduced in a previous paper, characterizes the number of degrees of freedom…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 S. Paulin-Henriksson , A. Refregier , A. Amara

In deep learning, models typically reuse the same parameters for all inputs. Mixture of Experts (MoE) defies this and instead selects different parameters for each incoming example. The result is a sparsely-activated model -- with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 William Fedus , Barret Zoph , Noam Shazeer