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Estimation of expectation values of incompatible observables is an essential practical task in quantum computing, especially for approximating energies of chemical and other many-body quantum systems. In this work we introduce a method for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-14 Daniel McNulty , Filip B. Maciejewski , Michał Oszmaniec

We investigate the advantages of using autoregressive neural quantum states as ansatze for classical shadow tomography to improve its predictive power. We introduce a novel estimator for optimizing the cross-entropy loss function using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-23 Wirawat Kokaew , Bohdan Kulchytskyy , Shunji Matsuura , Pooya Ronagh

A scalable Bayesian machine learning framework is introduced for estimating scalar properties of an unknown quantum state from measurement data, which bypasses full density matrix reconstruction. This work is the first to integrate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Hyunho Cha , Wonjung Kim , Jungwoo Lee

We introduce a method to enforce some symmetries starting from a trial wave-function prepared on quantum computers that might not respect these symmetries. The technique eliminates the necessity for performing the projection on the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Edgar Andres Ruiz Guzman , Denis Lacroix

Classical shadows are succinct classical representations of quantum states which allow one to encode a set of properties P of a quantum state rho, while only requiring measurements on logarithmically many copies of rho in the size of P. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Georgios Karaiskos , Dorian Rudolph , Johannes Jakob Meyer , Jens Eisert , Sevag Gharibian

We introduce a post-processing technique for classical shadow measurement data that enhances the precision of ground state estimation through high-dimensional subspace expansion; the dimensionality is only limited by the amount of classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-18 Gregory Boyd , Bálint Koczor , Zhenyu Cai

We provide practical and powerful schemes for learning many properties of an unknown n-qubit quantum state using a sparing number of copies of the state. Specifically, we present a depth-modulated randomized measurement scheme that…

Classical shadow tomography is a powerful randomized measurement protocol for predicting many properties of a quantum state with few measurements. Two classical shadow protocols have been extensively studied in the literature: the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-07 Ahmed A. Akhtar , Hong-Ye Hu , Yi-Zhuang You

We describe a new shadow tomography algorithm that uses $n=\Theta(\sqrt{m}\log m/\epsilon^2)$ samples, for $m$ measurements and additive error $\epsilon$, which is independent of the dimension of the quantum state being learned. This stands…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-05 Pulkit Sinha

Quantum mechanics provides cryptographic primitives whose security is grounded in hardness assumptions independent of those underlying classical cryptography. However, existing proposals require low-noise quantum communication and…

Classical shadow tomography, harnessing randomized informationally complete (IC) measurements, provides an effective avenue for predicting many properties of unknown quantum states with sample-efficient precision. Projections onto $2^n+1$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-22 Yu Wang , Wei Cui

We study single-copy shadow tomography in the adversarial robust setting, where the goal is to learn the expectation values of $M$ observables $O_1, \ldots, O_M$ with $\varepsilon$ accuracy, but $\gamma$-fraction of the outcomes can be…

Optimal transport between classical probability distributions has been proven useful in areas such as machine learning and random combinatorial optimization. Quantum optimal transport, and the quantum Wasserstein distance as the minimal…

Shadow tomography is a scalable technique to characterise the quantum state of a quantum computer or quantum simulator. The protocol is based on the transformation of the outcomes of random measurements into the so-called classical shadows,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-27 Hai-Chau Nguyen

In this article we develop a continuous variable (CV) shadow tomography scheme with wide ranging applications in quantum optics. Our work is motivated by the increasing experimental and technological relevance of CV systems in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-03 Simon Becker , Nilanjana Datta , Ludovico Lami , Cambyse Rouzé

Mitigating errors in quantum information processing devices is especially important in the absence of fault tolerance. An effective method in suppressing state-preparation errors is using multiple copies to distill the ideal component from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Alireza Seif , Ze-Pei Cian , Sisi Zhou , Senrui Chen , Liang Jiang

In quantum information theory, the accurate estimation of observables is pivotal for quantum information processing, playing a crucial role in compute and communication protocols. This work introduces a novel technique for estimating such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 Andrea Caprotti , Joshua Morris , Borivoje Dakić

The preparation and computation of many properties of quantum Gibbs states is essential for algorithms such as quantum semidefinite programming and quantum Boltzmann machines. We propose a quantum algorithm that can predict $M$ linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-27 Luuk Coopmans , Yuta Kikuchi , Marcello Benedetti

Quantum state estimation, based on the numerical integration of stochastic master equations (SMEs), provides estimates for the evolution of quantum systems subject to continuous weak measurements. The approach is similar to classical state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-02 Jason F Ralph , Simon Maskell , Michael Ransom , Hendrik Ulbricht

We introduce a technique to estimate error-mitigated expectation values on noisy quantum computers. Our technique performs shadow tomography on a logical state to produce a memory-efficient classical reconstruction of the noisy density…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-15 Hong-Ye Hu , Ryan LaRose , Yi-Zhuang You , Eleanor Rieffel , Zhihui Wang