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Unitary designs are unitary ensembles that emulate Haar-random unitary statistics. They provide a vital tool for studying quantum randomness and have found broad applications in quantum technologies. However, existing research has focused…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Xiaodong Yang , Jiaqing Leng , Jun Li

We propose SnCQA, a set of hardware-efficient variational circuits of equivariant quantum convolutional circuits respective to permutation symmetries and spatial lattice symmetries with the number of qubits $n$. By exploiting permutation…

Pseudorandom circuits generate quantum states and unitary operators which are approximately distributed according to the unitarily invariant Haar measure. We explore how several design parameters affect the efficiency of pseudo-random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yaakov S. Weinstein , Winton G. Brown , Lorenza Viola

Given a universal gate set on two qubits, it is well known that applying random gates from the set to random pairs of qubits will eventually yield an approximately Haar-distributed unitary. However, this requires exponential time. We show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Aram W. Harrow , Richard A. Low

A major line of questions in quantum information and computing asks how quickly locally random circuits converge to resemble global randomness. In particular, approximate k-designs are random unitary ensembles that resemble random circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Nicholas Laracuente

Quantum error correction and symmetries play central roles in quantum information science and physics. It is known that quantum error-correcting codes covariant with respect to continuous symmetries cannot correct erasure errors perfectly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-24 Linghang Kong , Zi-Wen Liu

We consider a class of random quantum circuits where at each step a gate from a universal set is applied to a random pair of qubits, and determine how quickly averages of arbitrary finite-degree polynomials in the matrix elements of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Winton G. Brown , Lorenza Viola

Quantum circuits with symmetry-respecting gates have attracted broad interest in quantum information science. While recent work has developed a theory for circuits with Abelian symmetries, revealing important distinctions between Abelian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-01 Austin Hulse , Hanqing Liu , Iman Marvian

We study the relationship between quantum chaos and pseudorandomness by developing probes of unitary design. A natural probe of randomness is the "frame potential," which is minimized by unitary $k$-designs and measures the $2$-norm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Daniel A. Roberts , Beni Yoshida

Dynamical decoupling is a long-established and effective way to suppress unwanted interactions in qubit systems, enabling advances in fields ranging from quantum metrology to quantum computing. For general qudit systems, however, comparable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Colin Read , Eduardo Serrano-Ensástiga , John Martin

We study the scaling of the convergence of several statistical properties of a recently introduced random unitary circuit ensemble towards their limits given by the circular unitary ensemble (CUE). Our study includes the full distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-23 Ludovic Arnaud , Daniel Braun

Unitary $T$-designs play an important role in quantum information, with diverse applications in quantum algorithms, benchmarking, tomography, and communication. Until now, the most efficient construction of unitary $T$-designs for $n$-qudit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Chi-Fang Chen , Jordan Docter , Michelle Xu , Adam Bouland , Patrick Hayden

We construct $\varepsilon$-approximate unitary $k$-designs on $n$ qubits in circuit depth $O(\log k \log \log n k / \varepsilon)$. The depth is exponentially improved over all known results in all three parameters $n$, $k$, $\varepsilon$.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Laura Cui , Thomas Schuster , Fernando Brandao , Hsin-Yuan Huang

Many quantum information protocols require the implementation of random unitaries. Because it takes exponential resources to produce Haar-random unitaries drawn from the full $n$-qubit group, one often resorts to $t$-designs. Unitary…

Long-range entangled states are vital for quantum information processing and quantum metrology. Preparing such states by combining measurements with unitary gates opened new possibilities for efficient protocols with finite-depth quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-07 Iosifina Angelidi , Marcin Szyniszewski , Arijeet Pal

We introduce random-LCHS, a circuit-efficient randomized-compilation framework for simulating linear non-unitary dynamics of the form $\partial_t u(t) = -A(t) u(t) + b(t)$ built on the linear combination of Hamiltonian simulation (LCHS). We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Songqinghao Yang , Jin-Peng Liu

Randomness is a fundamental resource in quantum information, with crucial applications in cryptography, algorithms, and error correction. A central challenge is to construct unitary $k$-designs that closely approximate Haar-random unitaries…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Lennart Bittel , Lorenzo Leone

We investigate a class of brickwork-like quantum circuits on chains of $d-$level systems (qudits) that share the so-called `dual unitarity' property. Namely, these systems generate unitary dynamics not only when propagating in the time…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-12-10 Bruno Bertini , Pavel Kos , Tomaz Prosen

In this paper we continue and extend the investigations of the ensembles of random physical states introduced in A. Hamma et al. [ http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v109/i4/e040502 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 040502 (2012)]. These ensembles are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Alioscia Hamma , Siddhartha Santra , Paolo Zanardi

Quantum pseudorandomness, also known as unitary designs, comprise a powerful resource for quantum computation and quantum engineering. While it is known in theory that pseudorandom unitary operators can be constructed efficiently, realizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Jun Li , Zhihuang Luo , Tao Xin , Hengyan Wang , David Kribs , Dawei Lu , Bei Zeng , Raymond Laflamme