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Understanding treatment effect heterogeneity is crucial for reliable decision-making in treatment evaluation and selection. The conditional average treatment effect (CATE) is widely used to capture treatment effect heterogeneity induced by…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Peng Wu , Peng Ding , Zhi Geng , Yue Liu

This paper provides estimation and inference methods for a conditional average treatment effects (CATE) characterized by a high-dimensional parameter in both homogeneous cross-sectional and unit-heterogeneous dynamic panel data settings. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-13 Vira Semenova , Matt Goldman , Victor Chernozhukov , Matt Taddy

Finding the features relevant to the difference in treatment effects is essential to unveil the underlying causal mechanisms. Existing methods seek such features by measuring how greatly the feature attributes affect the degree of the {\it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Yoichi Chikahara , Makoto Yamada , Hisashi Kashima

Clinical trial outcome prediction seeks to estimate the likelihood that a clinical trial will successfully reach its intended endpoint. This process predominantly involves the development of machine learning models that utilize a variety of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-14 Chufan Gao , Tianfan Fu , Jimeng Sun

Microbial communities play important roles in the function and maintenance of various biosystems, ranging from human body to the environment. Current methods for analysis of microbial communities are typically based on taxonomic…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2015-12-02 Ehsaneddin Asgari , Kiavash Garakani , Mohammad R. K Mofrad

The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has made data from DNA material readily available, leading to a surge of microbiome-related research establishing links between markers of microbiome health and specific outcomes.…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-06-19 Susheela P. Singh , Ana-Maria Staicu , Robert R. Dunn , Noah Fierer , Brian J. Reich

This article proposes a meta-learning method for estimating the conditional average treatment effect (CATE) from a few observational data. The proposed method learns how to estimate CATEs from multiple tasks and uses the knowledge for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-22 Tomoharu Iwata , Yoichi Chikahara

One of the fastest evolving field among teaching and learning research is students' performance evaluation. Computer based testing systems are increasingly adopted by universities. However, the implementation and maintenance of such a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-08-14 Margit Antal , Levente Erős , Attila Imre

This paper proposes Bayesian Adaptive Trials (BAT) as both an efficient method to conduct trials and a unifying framework for evaluation social policy interventions, addressing limitations inherent in traditional methods such as Randomized…

Biomarker discovery and gene ranking is a standard task in genomic high throughput analysis. Typically, the ordering of markers is based on a stabilized variant of the t-score, such as the moderated t or the SAM statistic. However, these…

Applications · Statistics 2009-10-09 Verena Zuber , Korbinian Strimmer

One important problem in microbiome analysis is to identify the bacterial taxa that are associated with a response, where the microbiome data are summarized as the composition of the bacterial taxa at different taxonomic levels. This paper…

Applications · Statistics 2016-03-04 Pixu Shi , Anru Zhang , Hongzhe Li

Causal inference is paramount for understanding the effects of interventions, yet extracting personalized insights from increasingly complex data remains a significant challenge for modern machine learning. This is the case, in particular,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-12 Filippo Salmaso , Lorenzo Testa , Francesca Chiaromonte

We introduce Afferent Learning, a framework that produces Computational Afferent Traces (CATs) as adaptive, internal risk signals for damage-avoidance learning. Inspired by biological systems, the framework uses a two-level architecture:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Wolfgang Maass , Sabine Janzen , Prajvi Saxena , Sach Mukherjee

The use of multi-centric analyses is crucial for obtaining sufficient sample sizes and representative clinical populations in experimental studies. In this setting, data harmonization techniques are typically employed to address systematic…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-22 Santiago Silva , Ghiles Reguig , Neil P Oxtoby , Andre Altmann , Marco Lorenzi

Recent advances in bioinformatics have made high-throughput microbiome data widely available, and new statistical tools are required to maximize the information gained from these data. For example, analysis of high-dimensional microbiome…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-23 Neal S. Grantham , Brian J. Reich , Elizabeth T. Borer , Kevin Gross

For complex diseases, beyond the main effects of genetic (G) and environmental (E) factors, gene-environment (G-E) interactions also play an important role. Many of the existing G-E interaction methods conduct marginal analysis, which may…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-03-06 Qingzhao Zhang , Hao Chai , Shuangge Ma

Many social and environmental phenomena are associated with macroscopic changes in the built environment, captured by satellite imagery on a global scale and with daily temporal resolution. While widely used for prediction, these images and…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-25 Connor T. Jerzak , Ritwik Vashistha , Adel Daoud

The use of patient-level information from previous studies, registries, and other external datasets can support the analysis of single-arm and randomized controlled trials to evaluate and test experimental treatments. However, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-23 Gopal Kotecha , Daniel E. Schwartz , Steffen Ventz , Lorenzo Trippa

Human associated microbial communities exert tremendous influence over human health and disease. With modern metagenomic sequencing methods it is possible to follow the relative abundance of microbes in a community over time. These…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-18 Charles K. Fisher , Pankaj Mehta

Statisticians show growing interest in estimating and analyzing heterogeneity in causal effects in observational studies. However, there usually exists a trade-off between accuracy and interpretability for developing a desirable estimator…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-26 Steven Siwei Ye , Yanzhen Chen , Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla