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The stability of inverter-dominated power grids remains an active area of research. This paper presents novel sufficient conditions for ensuring small-signal stability in lossless and constant $R/X$ grids with highly heterogeneous mixes of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-03 Jakob Niehues , Robin Delabays , Anna Büttner , Frank Hellmann

This paper examines small-signal stability of electrical networks composed dominantly of three-phase grid-following inverters. We show that the mere existence of a high-voltage power flow solution does not necessarily imply small-signal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-22 Saber Jafarpour , Victor Purba , Sairaj V. Dhople , Brian Johnson , Francesco Bullo

Future inverter-dominated power systems feature higher variability and more stressed operating conditions, which motivates the consideration of stability in operational settings. Existing approaches to stability-constrained OPF often rely…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Shigeng Wang , Sijia Geng

Renewables will soon dominate energy production in our electric power system. And yet, how to integrate renewable energy into the grid and the market is still a subject of major debate. Decentral Smart Grid Control (DSGC) was recently…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2016-10-31 Benjamin Schäfer , Carsten Grabow , Sabine Auer , Jürgen Kurths , Dirk Witthaut , Marc Timme

Traditional centralized stability analysis struggles with scalability in large complex modern power grids. This two-part paper proposes a compositional and equilibrium-free approach to analyzing power system stability. In Part I, we prove…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Peng Yang , Xiaoyu Peng , Xi Ru , Hua Geng , Feng Liu

Renewable-driven microgrids dominated by grid-forming (GFM) converters are subject to persistent power fluctuations, making equilibrium-known stability assessments restrictive. This paper develops an equilibrium-free contraction stability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-22 Shijie Peng , Xiuqiang He , Xi Ru , Hua Geng

This paper addresses the problem of output voltage regulation for multiple DC/DC converters connected to a microgrid, and prescribes a scheme for sharing power among different sources. This architecture is structured in such a way that it…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-01-12 Mayank Baranwal , Alireza Askarian , Srinivasa M. Salapaka

This paper presents the development of a mathematical model of a converter state space model for a hybrid microgrid. The hybrid model combines the models of components such as DC-Converters, DC-AC converters, and their individual…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Yangyadatta Tripathy , Barjeev Tyagi

This paper proposes a new methodology for design of a stabilizing control law for multi-input linear systems with time-varying, singular gains on the control. The results presented here assume the control gain to satisfy persistence of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-10-17 Srikant Sukumar , Maruthi R. Akella

This paper studies a power transmission system with both conventional generators (CGs) and distributed energy assets (DEAs) providing frequency control. We consider an operating condition with demand aggregating two dynamic components: one…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Mahmoud Abdelgalil , Vishal Shenoy , Guido Cavraro , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Jorge I. Poveda

The paper presents a theoretical study on small-signal stability and damping in bulk power systems with multiple grid-forming inverter-based storage resources. A detailed analysis is presented, characterizing the impacts of inverter droop…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-06 Kaustav Chatterjee , Ramij Raja Hossain , Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Soumya Kundu , Subhrajit Sinha , Diane Baldwin , Ronald Melton

Multiple types of Nyquist-like impedance-based criteria are utilized for the small-signal stability analysis of converter-based AC systems. It is usually considered that the determinant-based criterion can determine the overall stability of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-11 Chongbin Zhao , Qirong Jiang , Yixin Guo

Assessing small-signal stability of power systems composed of thousands of interacting generators is a computationally challenging task. To reduce the computational burden, this paper introduces a novel condition to assess and certify…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-30 Amin Gholami , Xu Andy Sun

Grid-forming (GFM) control has been considered a promising solution for accommodating large-scale power electronics converters into modern power grids thanks to its grid-friendly dynamics, in particular, voltage source behavior on the AC…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-23 Huanhai Xin , Chenxi Liu , Xia Chen , Yuxuan Wang , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Linbin Huang

In this paper, we show that the small phase condition is both sufficient and necessary to ensure the feedback stability when the interconnected systems are symmetric. Such symmetric systems arise in diverse applications. The key lies in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-10 Xiaokan Yang , Wei Chen , Li Qiu

DC microgrids are prone to small-signal instabilities due to the presence of tightly regulated loads. This paper develops a decentralized stability certificate which is capable of certifying the small-signal stability of an islanded DC…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-09 Samuel Chevalier , Federico Martin Ibanez , Kathleen Cavanagh , Konstantin Turitsyn , Luca Daniel , Petr Vorobev

This paper studies the graph-theoretic conditions for stability of positive monotone systems. Using concepts from input-to-state stability and network small-gain theory, we first establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-25 Xiaoming Duan , Saber Jafarpour , Francesco Bullo

The modern power grid features the high penetration of power converters, which widely employ a phase-locked loop (PLL) for grid synchronization. However, it has been pointed out that PLL can give rise to small-signal instabilities under…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-18 Chaoran Yang , Linbin Huang , Huanhai Xin , Ping Ju

Grid-following (GFL) inverters have very different large-signal stability characteristics to synchronous generators, and convenient concepts such as the equal-area criterion and global energy function do not apply in the same way. Existing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-01 Yifan Zhang , Yaoxin Wang , Yunjie Gu , Yitong Li , Sijia Geng , Yue Zhu , Hsiao-Dong Chiang , Timothy C. Green

The intensive integration of power converters is changing the way that power systems operate, leading to the emergence of new types of dynamic phenomena and instabilities. At the same time, converters act as an interface between traditional…