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In this paper, we delve deeper into the Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence loss and mathematically prove that it is equivalent to the Decoupled Kullback-Leibler (DKL) Divergence loss that consists of 1) a weighted Mean Square Error (wMSE)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jiequan Cui , Zhuotao Tian , Zhisheng Zhong , Xiaojuan Qi , Bei Yu , Hanwang Zhang

The recent explosion of interest in multimodal applications has resulted in a wide selection of datasets and methods for representing and integrating information from different modalities. Despite these empirical advances, there remain…

Normalized information distance (NID) uses the theoretical notion of Kolmogorov complexity, which for practical purposes is approximated by the length of the compressed version of the file involved, using a real-world compression program.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-10-23 Sebastiaan A. Terwijn , Leen Torenvliet , Paul M. B. Vitanyi

Working with multiple variables they usually contain difficult to control complex dependencies. This article proposes extraction of their individual information, e.g. $\overline{X|Y}$ as random variable containing information from $X$, but…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-23 Jarek Duda

Higher-order tensors have received increased attention across science and engineering. While most tensor decomposition methods are developed for a single tensor observation, scientific studies often collect side information, in the form of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-29 Jiaxin Hu , Chanwoo Lee , Miaoyan Wang

Backpropagation (BP), while foundational to deep learning, imposes two critical scalability bottlenecks: update locking, where network modules remain idle until the entire backward pass completes, and high memory consumption due to storing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chenhao Ye , Ming Tang

Information measures can be constructed from R\'enyi divergences much like mutual information from Kullback-Leibler divergence. One such information measure is known as Sibson $\alpha$-mutual information and has received renewed attention…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Amedeo Roberto Esposito , Michael Gastpar , Ibrahim Issa

We derive independence tests by means of dependence measures thresholding in a semiparametric context. Precisely, estimates of phi-mutual informations, associated to phi-divergences between a joint distribution and the product distribution…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-20 Amor Keziou , Philippe Regnault

The information bottleneck (IB) method seeks a compressed representation of data that preserves information relevant to a target variable for prediction while discarding irrelevant information from the original data. In its classical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Akira Kamatsuka , Takahiro Yoshida

We show how Fisher's information already known particular character as the fundamental information geometric object which plays the role of a metric tensor for a statistical differential manifold, can be derived in a relatively easy manner…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Marco Masi

Information geometry is a mathematical framework that elucidates the manifold structure of the probability distribution space (p-space), providing a systematic approach to transforming probability distributions (PDs). In this study, we…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-06-30 Tomotaka Oroguchi , Rintaro Inoue , Masaaki Sugiyama

Various approaches have been developed to upper bound the generalization error of a supervised learning algorithm. However, existing bounds are often loose and even vacuous when evaluated in practice. As a result, they may fail to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Gholamali Aminian , Yuheng Bu , Laura Toni , Miguel R. D. Rodrigues , Gregory W. Wornell

We introduce an information theoretic measure of statistical structure, called 'binding information', for sets of random variables, and compare it with several previously proposed measures including excess entropy, Bialek et al.'s…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-12-10 Samer A. Abdallah , Mark D. Plumbley

Selecting an optimal subset of features or instances under an information theoretic criterion has become an effective preprocessing strategy for reducing data complexity while preserving essential information. This study investigates two…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-25 Taotao He , Jun Luo , Junkai Zhao

In the last decade, recent successes in deep clustering majorly involved the Mutual Information (MI) as an unsupervised objective for training neural networks with increasing regularisations. While the quality of the regularisations have…

The Information bottleneck method is an unsupervised non-parametric data organization technique. Given a joint distribution P(A,B), this method constructs a new variable T that extracts partitions, or clusters, over the values of A that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Nir Friedman , Ori Mosenzon , Noam Slonim , Naftali Tishby

Deep neural networks suffer from poor generalization to unseen environments when the underlying data distribution is different from that in the training set. By learning minimum sufficient representations from training data, the information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Francesco Alesiani , Shujian Yu , Xi Yu

We characterize information as risk reduction between knowledge states represented by partitions of the underlying probability space. Entropy corresponds to risk reduction from no (or partial) knowledge to full knowledge about a random…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sebastian Gottwald , Daniel A. Braun

What does the informational complexity of dynamical networked systems tell us about intrinsic mechanisms and functions of these complex systems? Recent complexity measures such as integrated information have sought to operationalize this…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Xerxes D. Arsiwalla , Pedro A. M. Mediano , Paul F. M. J. Verschure

Context dependence is central to the description of complexity. Keying on the pairwise definition of "set complexity" we use an information theory approach to formulate general measures of systems complexity. We examine the properties of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-08-21 David J. Galas , Nikita A. Sakhanenko , Alexander Skupin , Tomasz Ignac