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Recently, several pulsar timing array (PTA) projects have detected evidence of the existence of a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) in the nanohertz frequency band, providing confidence in detecting individual supermassive…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-25 Si-Ren Xiao , Yue Shao , Ling-Feng Wang , Ji-Yu Song , Lu Feng , Jing-Fei Zhang , Xin Zhang

Analysis of pulsar timing data have provided evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background in the nHz frequency band. The most plausible source of such a background is the superposition of signals from millions of supermassive…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-05 Bence Bécsy , Neil J. Cornish , Patrick M. Meyers , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Gabriella Agazie , Akash Anumarlapudi , Anne M. Archibald , Zaven Arzoumanian , Paul T. Baker , Laura Blecha , Adam Brazier , Paul R. Brook , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , J. Andrew Casey-Clyde , Maria Charisi , Shami Chatterjee , Katerina Chatziioannou , Tyler Cohen , James M. Cordes , Fronefield Crawford , H. Thankful Cromartie , Kathryn Crowter , Megan E. DeCesar , Paul B. Demorest , Timothy Dolch , Elizabeth C. Ferrara , William Fiore , Emmanuel Fonseca , Gabriel E. Freedman , Nate Garver-Daniels , Peter A. Gentile , Joseph Glaser , Deborah C. Good , Kayhan Gültekin , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Sophie Hourihane , Ross J. Jennings , Aaron D. Johnson , Megan L. Jones , Andrew R. Kaiser , David L. Kaplan , Matthew Kerr , Joey S. Key , Nima Laal , Michael T. Lam , William G. Lamb , T. Joseph W. Lazio , Natalia Lewandowska , Tyson B. Littenberg , Tingting Liu , Duncan R. Lorimer , Jing Luo , Ryan S. Lynch , Chung-Pei Ma , Dustin R. Madison , Alexander McEwen , James W. McKee , Maura A. McLaughlin , Natasha McMann , Bradley W. Meyers , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Andrea Mitridate , Cherry Ng , David J. Nice , Stella Koch Ocker , Ken D. Olum , Timothy T. Pennucci , Benetge B. P. Perera , Nihan S. Pol , Henri A. Radovan , Scott M. Ransom , Paul S. Ray , Joseph D. Romano , Shashwat C. Sardesai , Ann Schmiedekamp , Carl Schmiedekamp , Kai Schmitz , Brent J. Shapiro-Albert , Xavier Siemens , Joseph Simon , Magdalena S. Siwek , Sophia V. Sosa Fiscella , Ingrid H. Stairs , Daniel R. Stinebring , Kevin Stovall , Abhimanyu Susobhanan , Joseph K. Swiggum , Stephen R. Taylor , Jacob E. Turner , Caner Unal , Michele Vallisneri , Rutger van Haasteren , Sarah J. Vigeland , Haley M. Wahl , Caitlin A. Witt , Olivia Young

Stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background (SGWB) contains information about the early Universe and astrophysical processes. The recent evidence of SGWB by pulsar timing arrays in the nanohertz band is a breakthrough in the GW astronomy.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-10 Hanlin Song , Dicong Liang , Ziming Wang , Lijing Shao

(Abridged) Simulation-based inference (SBI) has emerged as a powerful framework for extracting cosmological information from complex, non-linear data where analytical likelihoods are unavailable. Its reliability is commonly assessed using…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-07 Toka Alokda , Cristiano Porciani , Alexander Eggemeier

The inspiral, merger, and ringdown of Massive Black Hole Binaries (MBHBs) is one the main sources of Gravitational Waves (GWs) for the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), an ESA-led mission in the implementation phase. It is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-25 Iván Martín Vílchez , Carlos F. Sopuerta

Extracting the faint gravitational-wave background (GWB) signal from dominant detector noise and disentangling its %diverse astrophysical and cosmological components remain significant challenges for traditional methods like…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-18 Hugo Einsle , Marie-Anne Bizouard , Tania Regimbau , Mairi Sakellariadou

We employ the formalism developed in \cite{Mentasti:2023gmg} and \cite{Bartolo_2022} to study the prospect of detecting an anisotropic Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) alone,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-13 Giorgio Mentasti , Carlo R. Contaldi , Marco Peloso

This paper presents a novel framework for full-waveform seismic source inversion using simulation-based inference (SBI). Traditional probabilistic approaches often rely on simplifying assumptions about data errors, which we show can lead to…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-05-15 A. A. Saoulis , D. Piras , A. Spurio Mancini , B. Joachimi , A. M. G. Ferreira

The cosmic string contributes to our understanding and revelation of the fundamental structure and evolutionary patterns of the universe, unifying our knowledge of the cosmos and unveiling new physical laws and phenomena. Therefore, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-14 Bo-Rui Wang , Jin Li

Stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is a promising tool to probe the very early universe where the standard model of particle physics and cosmology are connected closely. As a possible component of SGWB, gravitational waves (GW)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-02 Haowen Zhong , Biping Gong , Taotao Qiu

We present a refined estimation of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) based on observed dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs) together with AGN X-ray luminosity functions, in light of recent Pulsar Timing Array detections of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-14 Katsunori Kusakabe , Yoshiyuki Inoue , Daisuke Toyouchi

Separating a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) from noise is a challenging statistical task. One approach to establishing a detection criterion for the SGWB is using Bayesian evidence. If the evidence ratio (Bayes factor)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-17 Federico Pozzoli , Jonathan Gair , Riccardo Buscicchio , Lorenzo Speri

Disentangling the rich astrophysical structure of the stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) from its cosmological component is essential for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) to access the physics of the early Universe…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-25 Mesut Çalışkan , Neha Anil Kumar , Marc Kamionkowski , Sihao Cheng

A detection of the stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) from unresolved compact binary coalescences could be made by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo at their design sensitivities. However, it is possible for magnetic noise that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-11-18 Patrick M. Meyers , Katarina Martinovic , Nelson Christensen , Mairi Sakellariadou

Space-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors will be able to observe signals from sources that are otherwise nearly impossible from current ground-based detection. Consequently, the well established signal detection method, matched…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-17 Tianyu Zhao , Ruoxi Lyu , He Wang , Zhoujian Cao , Zhixiang Ren

Sapce-borne gravitational wave antennas, such as LISA and LISA-like mission (Taiji and Tianqin), will offer novel perspectives for exploring our Universe while introduce new challenges, especially in data analysis. Aside from the known…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-17 Yuxiang Xu , Minghui Du , Peng Xu , Bo Liang , He Wang

The growing availability of large and complex datasets has increased interest in temporal stochastic processes that can capture stylized facts such as marginal skewness, non-Gaussian tails, long memory, and even non-Markovian dynamics.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-09 Dan Leonte , Raphaël Huser , Almut E. D. Veraart

A stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) can arise from the superposition of many independent events. If the rate of events per unit time is sufficiently high, the resulting background is Gaussian, which is to say that it is…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-08-27 Eric Thrane