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Diffusion probabilistic models have achieved mainstream success in many generative modeling tasks, from image generation to inverse problem solving. A distinct feature of these models is that they correspond to deep hierarchical latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Yibo Yang , Justus C. Will , Stephan Mandt

Diffusion models have gained traction as powerful algorithms for synthesizing high-quality images. Central to these algorithms is the diffusion process, a set of equations which maps data to noise in a way that can significantly affect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Aaron Gokaslan , Chris De Sa , Volodymyr Kuleshov

Simulating limit order books (LOBs) has important applications across forecasting and backtesting for financial market data. However, deep generative models struggle in this context due to the high noise and complexity of the data. Previous…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-08 Alfred Backhouse , Kang Li , Jakob Foerster , Anisoara Calinescu , Stefan Zohren

In a convergence of machine learning and biology, we reveal that diffusion models are evolutionary algorithms. By considering evolution as a denoising process and reversed evolution as diffusion, we mathematically demonstrate that diffusion…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yanbo Zhang , Benedikt Hartl , Hananel Hazan , Michael Levin

Diffusion models are powerful generative models but often generate sensitive data that are unwanted by users, mainly because the unlabeled training data frequently contain such sensitive data. Since labeling all sensitive data in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Hiroshi Takahashi , Tomoharu Iwata , Atsutoshi Kumagai , Yuuki Yamanaka , Tomoya Yamashita

Existing core-set selection methods predominantly rely on heuristic scoring signals such as training dynamics or model uncertainty, lacking explicit modeling of data likelihood. This omission may hinder the constructed subset from capturing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mingyang Chen , Jiawei Du , Bo Huang , Yi Wang , Xiaobo Zhang , Wei Wang

Diffusion-based generative models represent a forefront direction in generative AI research today. Recent studies in physics have suggested that the renormalization group (RG) can be conceptualized as a diffusion process. This insight…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-03-04 Artan Sheshmani , Yi-Zhuang You , Baturalp Buyukates , Amir Ziashahabi , Salman Avestimehr

Diffusion models offer stable training and state-of-the-art performance for deep generative modeling tasks. Here, we consider their use in the context of multivariate subsurface modeling and probabilistic inversion. We first demonstrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Roberto Miele , Niklas Linde

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have revolutionized the field of generative modeling, achieving unprecedented success in generating realistic and diverse content. Despite empirical advances, the theoretical basis for why optimizing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Gen Li , Yuling Yan

An elementary approach to characterizing the impact of noise scheduling and time discretization in generative diffusion models is developed. We first utilize the Cram\'er-Rao bound to identify the Gaussian setting as a fundamental…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Qiang Sun , H. Vincent Poor , Wenyi Zhang

Diffusion has emerged as a powerful framework for generative modeling, achieving remarkable success in applications such as image and audio synthesis. Enlightened by this progress, we propose a novel diffusion-based approach for symbolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zachary Bastiani , Robert M. Kirby , Jacob Hochhalter , Shandian Zhe

We provide an overview of the diffusion model as a method to generate new samples. Generative models have been recently adopted for tasks such as art generation (Stable Diffusion, Dall-E) and text generation (ChatGPT). Diffusion models in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-13 Justin Le

The scope of this paper is generative modeling through diffusion processes. An approach falling within this paradigm is the work of Song et al. (2021), which relies on a time-reversal argument to construct a diffusion process targeting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Stefano Peluchetti

Discrete diffusion models have emerged as a powerful class of models and a promising route to fast language generation, but practical implementations typically rely on factored reverse transitions ignoring cross-token dependencies and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Dario Shariatian , Alain Durmus , Umut Simsekli , Stefano Peluchetti

Diffusion-based generative models have demonstrated a capacity for perceptually impressive synthesis, but can they also be great likelihood-based models? We answer this in the affirmative, and introduce a family of diffusion-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Diederik P. Kingma , Tim Salimans , Ben Poole , Jonathan Ho

Diffusion models represent a class of generative models that produce data by denoising a sample corrupted by white noise. Despite the success of diffusion models in computer vision, audio synthesis, and point cloud generation, so far they…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-01-17 Kanta Masuki , Yuto Ashida

Recent research has shown that text-to-image diffusion models are capable of generating high-quality images guided by text prompts. But can they be used to generate or approximate real-world images from the seed noise? This is known as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Weiming Chen , Qifan Liu , Siyi Liu , Yushun Tang , Yijia Wang , Zhihan Zhu , Zhihai He

Generative modeling within constrained sets is essential for scientific and engineering applications involving physical, geometric, or safety requirements (e.g., molecular generation, robotics). We present a unified framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kijung Jeon , Michael Muehlebach , Molei Tao

Diffusion models have become the go-to method for large-scale generative models in real-world applications. These applications often involve data distributions confined within bounded domains, typically requiring ad-hoc thresholding…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-09 Wei Deng , Yu Chen , Nicole Tianjiao Yang , Hengrong Du , Qi Feng , Ricky T. Q. Chen

We derive a new theoretical interpretation of the reweighted losses that are widely used for training diffusion models. Our method is based on constructing a cascade of time-dependent variational lower bounds on the data log-likelihood,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Jiaxin Shi , Michalis K. Titsias
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