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WebAssembly (Wasm) is a binary instruction format designed as a portable compilation target, which has been widely used on both the web and server sides in recent years. As high performance is a critical design goal of Wasm, it is essential…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Shuyao Jiang , Ruiying Zeng , Yangfan Zhou , Michael R. Lyu

WebAssembly (WASM) is an immensely versatile and increasingly popular compilation target. It executes applications written in several languages (e.g., C/C++) with near-native performance in various domains (e.g., mobile, edge, cloud).…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Martin Fink , Dimitrios Stavrakakis , Dennis Sprokholt , Soham Chakraborty , Jan-Erik Ekberg , Pramod Bhatotia

WebAssembly is a low-level bytecode language that allows high-level languages like C, C++, and Rust to be executed in the browser at near-native performance. In recent years, WebAssembly has gained widespread adoption is now natively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Håkon Harnes , Donn Morrison

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a next-generation portable compilation target for deploying applications written in high-level languages on the web. In order to protect their memory from untrusted code, web browser engines confine the execution of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Marco Vassena , Marco Patrignani

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a bytecode format originally serving as a compilation target for Web applications. It has recently been used increasingly on the server side, e.g., providing a safer, faster, and more portable alternative to Linux…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Shuyao Jiang , Ruiying Zeng , Zihao Rao , Jiazhen Gu , Yangfan Zhou , Michael R. Lyu

As Internet censors rapidly evolve new blocking techniques, circumvention tools must also adapt and roll out new strategies to remain unblocked. But new strategies can be time consuming for circumventors to develop and deploy, and usually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Erik Chi , Gaukas Wang , J. Alex Halderman , Eric Wustrow , Jack Wampler

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a portable bytecode format that serves as a compilation target for high-level languages, enabling their secure and efficient execution across diverse platforms, including web browsers and embedded systems. To improve…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Byeongjee Kang , Harsh Desai , Limin Jia , Brandon Lucia

WebAssembly has gained significant traction as a high-performance, secure, and portable compilation target for the Web and beyond. However, its growing adoption has also introduced new security challenges. One such threat is cryptojacking,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Håkon Harnes , Donn Morrison

The emergence of WebAssembly allows attackers to hide the malicious functionalities of JavaScript malware in cross-language interoperations, termed JavaScript-WebAssembly multilingual malware (JWMM). However, existing anti-virus solutions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Yifan Xia , Ping He , Xuhong Zhang , Peiyu Liu , Shouling Ji , Wenhai Wang

The increasing heterogeneity of hardware and software in the Internet of Things (IoT) poses a major challenge for the portability, maintainability and deployment of software on devices with limited resources. WebAssembly (WASM), originally…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mislav Has , Tao Xiong , Fehmi Ben Abdesslem , Mario Kušek

WebAssembly is the new low-level language for the web and has now been implemented in all major browsers since over a year. To ensure the security, performance, and correctness of future web applications, there is a strong need for dynamic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Daniel Lehmann , Michael Pradel

Edge-cloud computing offloads parts of the computations that traditionally occurs in the cloud to edge nodes,e.g., CDN servers, in order to get closer to the users and reduce latency. To improve performance even further, WebAssembly is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Javier Cabrera-Arteaga , Pierre Laperdrix , Martin Monperrus , Benoit Baudry

The increasing adoption of WebAssembly (Wasm) for performance-critical and security-sensitive tasks drives the demand for WebAssembly program comprehension and reverse engineering. Recent studies have introduced machine learning (ML)-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Hanxian Huang , Jishen Zhao

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a low-level binary format for web applications, which has found widespread adoption due to its improved performance and compatibility with existing software. However, the popularity of Wasm has also led to its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Nils Loose , Felix Mächtle , Claudius Pott , Volodymyr Bezsmertnyi , Thomas Eisenbarth

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a low-level portable code format offering near native performance. It is intended as a compilation target for a wide variety of source languages. However, Wasm provides no direct support for non-local control flow…

WebAssembly has attracted great attention as a portable compilation target for programming languages. To facilitate in-depth studies about this technology, we have deployed Wasmizer, a tool that regularly mines GitHub projects and makes an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Alexander Nicholson , Quentin Stiévenart , Arash Mazidi , Mohammad Ghafari

WebAssembly (Wasm) has emerged as a powerful technology for executing high-performance code and reusing legacy code in web browsers. With its increasing adoption, ensuring the reliability of WebAssembly code becomes paramount. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Sara Baradaran , Liyan Huang , Mukund Raghothaman , Weihang Wang

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a binary instruction format that enables portable, sandboxed, and near-native execution across heterogeneous platforms, making it well-suited for serverless workflow execution on browsers, edge nodes, and cloud…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Mario Colosi , Reza Farahani , Lauri Loven , Radu Prodan , Massimo Villari

Performance debugging in WebAssembly (Wasm) runtimes is essential for ensuring the robustness of Wasm, especially since performance issues have frequently occurred in Wasm runtimes, which can significantly degrade the capabilities of hosted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Ruiying Zeng , Shuyao Jiang , Wenxuan Zhao , Yangfan Zhou

All major web browsers now support WebAssembly, a low-level bytecode intended to serve as a compilation target for code written in languages like C and C++. A key goal of WebAssembly is performance parity with native code; previous work…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Abhinav Jangda , Bobby Powers , Emery Berger , Arjun Guha