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Fluid antenna (FA) technology has emerged as a promising approach in wireless communications due to its capability of providing increased degrees of freedom (DoFs) and exceptional design flexibility. This paper addresses the challenge of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 He Xu , Tuo Wu , Ye Tian , Kangda Zhi , Wei Liu , Baiyang Liu , Hing Cheung So , Naofal Al-Dhahir , Kin-Fai Tong , Chan-Byoung Chae , Kai-Kit Wong

This work explores the channel estimation (CE) problem in uplink transmission for unsourced random access (URA) with a fluid antenna receiver. The additional spatial diversity in a fluid antenna system (FAS) addresses the needs of URA…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Keru Zhou , Zhentian Zhang , Jian Dang , Qianqian Sun , Zaichen Zhang

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system has been the defining mobile communications technology in recent generations. With the ever-increasing demands looming towards the sixth generation (6G), we are in need of additional degrees of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Wee Kiat New , Kai-Kit Wong , Hao Xu , Kin-Fai Tong , Chan-Byoung Chae

Non-fixed flexible antenna architectures, such as fluid antenna system (FAS), movable antenna (MA), and pinching antenna, have garnered significant interest in recent years. In this paper, we propose a new rotatable antenna (RA) model to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Beixiong Zheng , Qingjie Wu , Tiantian Ma , Rui Zhang

The integration of communication and computation is essential for next-generation wireless systems, especially in scenarios demanding massive connectivity and ultra-low latency. Over-the-air federated learning (AirFL), leveraging the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Saeid Pakravan , Mohsen Ahmadzadeh , Ming Zeng , Ghosheh Abed Hodtani , Xingwang Li

We study a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiple access channel (MAC) from several multi-antenna transmitters to a multi-antenna receiver. The fading channels between the transmitters and the receiver are modeled by random…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-05-04 Jakob Hoydis , Romain Couillet , Merouane Debbah

Fluid antenna system (FAS) revolutionizes wireless communications via utilizing position-flexible antennas that dynamically optimize channel conditions and mitigate multipath fading. This innovation is particularly valuable in indoor…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Tong Zhang , Qianren Li , Shuai Wang , Wanli Ni , Jiliang Zhang , Rui Wang , Kai-Kit Wong , Chan-Byoung Chae

Fluid antennas (FAs) and movable antennas (MAs) have emerged as promising technologies in wireless communications, which offer the flexibility to improve channel conditions by adjusting transmit/receive antenna positions within a spatial…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Weidong Mei , Xin Wei , Boyu Ning , Zhi Chen , Rui Zhang

In this paper, we investigate the problem of max-min rate maximization in fluid antenna relay (FAR)-assisted multi-user uplink multiple-input single-output (MISO) wireless systems, where each user is equipped with a single fluid antenna…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-02 Ruopeng Xu , Zhaohui Yang , Ting Zhang , Mingzhe Chen , Chen Zhu , Zhaoyang Zhang

Fluid antennas present a relatively new idea for harnessing the fading and interference issues in multiple user wireless systems, such as 6G. Here, we systematically compare their unique radiation beam forming mechanism to the existing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-07 Wen-Jun Lu , Chun-Xing He , Yongxu Zhu , Kin-Fai Tong , Kai-Kit Wong , Hyundong Shin , Tie Jun Cui

With the surging demand for ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ubiquitous connectivity in Sixth-Generation (6G) networks, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) emerge as a key complement to terrestrial networks by offering flexible access and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianheng Xu , Runke Fan , Jie Zhu , Pei Peng , Xianfu Chen , Qingqing Wu , Ming Jiang , Celimuge Wu , Dusit Niyato , Kai-Kit Wong

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is regarded as a key enabler for next-generation wireless systems. However, conventional fixed-position antennas limit the ability of UAVs to fully exploit…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Wenchao Liu , Xuhui Zhang , Jinke Ren , Weijie Yuan , Changsheng You , Shuangyang Li

Fluid antenna multiple access (FAMA) has recently emerged as a simple, promising scheme for large-scale multiuser connectivity, offering strong scalability with low implementation complexity. Nevertheless, most existing FAMA studies focus…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Chenguang Rao , Kai-Kit Wong , Sai Xu , Xusheng Zhu , Yangyang Zhang , Chan-Byoung Chae

Gaussian copula has been employed to evaluate the outage performance of Fluid Antenna Systems (FAS), with the covariance matrix reflecting the dependence among multivariate normal random variables (RVs). While prior studies approximate this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Rui Xu , Yinghui Ye , Xiaoli Chu , Guangyue Lu , Farshad Rostami Ghadi , Kai-Kit Wong

Non-fixed flexible antenna architectures, such as fluid antenna system (FAS), movable antenna (MA), and pinching antenna, have garnered significant interest in recent years. Among them, rotatable antenna (RA) has emerged as a promising…

This paper investigates the performance of Multiple-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multiple access (MIMO-NOMA) systems with randomly deployed users, where the randomly deployed NOMA users follow Poisson point process (PPP), the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Zheng Shi , Guanghua Yang , Yaru Fu , Hong Wang , Shaodan Ma

This paper proposes a hardware-software co-design approach to efficiently optimize beamforming and port selection in fluid antenna systems (FASs). To begin with, a fluid-antenna (FA)-enabled downlink multi-cell multiple-input…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-21 Sai Xu , Kai-Kit Wong , Yanan Du , Hanjiang Hong , Chan-Byoung Chae , Baiyang Liu , Kin-Fai Tong

We consider a single-user (SU) continuous fluid antenna system (CFAS) employing matched filtering (MF) operating over a Ricean fading channel. Focusing on the upper tail of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) distribution (the high SNR…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 Amy S. Inwood , Peter J. Smith , Rajitha Senanayake , Michail Matthaiou

This paper investigates a design framework for sparse fluid antenna systems (FAS) enabling high-performance direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, particularly in challenging millimeter-wave (mmWave) environments. By ingeniously harnessing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 He Xu , Tuo Wu , Ye Tian , Ming Jin , Wei Liu , Qinghua Guo , Maged Elkashlan , Matthew C. Valenti , Chan-Byoung Chae , Kin-Fai Tong , Kai-Kit Wong

This paper studies the application of cooperative techniques for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). More particularly, the fixed gain amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying with NOMA is investigated over Nakagami-$m$ fading channels. Two…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-19 Xinwei Yue , Yuanwei Liu , Shaoli Kang , Arumugam Nallanathan