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The sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication network is expected to integrate the terrestrial, aerial, and maritime communications into a robust network which would be more reliable, fast, and can support a massive number of devices…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-19 Muhammad Waseem Akhtar , Syed Ali Hassan , Rizwan Ghaffar , Haejoon Jung , Sahil Garg , M. Shamim Hossain

With the development of the sixth-generation (6G) communication system, Channel State Information (CSI) plays a crucial role in improving network performance. Traditional Channel Charting (CC) methods map high-dimensional CSI data to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Yuan Gao , Wenjing Xie , Yiming Liu , Bintao Hu , Jianbo Du , Shugong Xu

Sixth generation (6G) systems require environment-aware communication, driven by native artificial intelligence (AI) and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). Radio maps (RMs), providing spatially continuous channel information, are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Honggang Jia , Xiucheng Wang , Nan Cheng , Ruijin Sun , Changle Li

This paper investigates the construction of channel knowledge map (CKM) from sparse channel measurements. Dif ferent from conventional two-/three-dimensional (2D/3D) CKM approaches assuming fixed base station configurations, we present a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-31 Juncong Zhou , Chao Hu , Guanlin Wu , Zixiang Ren , Han Hu , Juyong Zhang , Rui Zhang , Jie Xu

The research in the sixth generation of communication networks needs to tackle new challenges in order to meet the requirements of emerging applications in terms of high data rate, low latency, high reliability, and massive connectivity. To…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Marwa Chafii , Lina Bariah , Sami Muhaidat , Merouane Debbah

Channel knowledge map (CKM) has emerged as a crucial technology for next-generation communication, enabling the construction of high-fidelity mappings between spatial environments and channel parameters via electromagnetic information…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-23 Haohan Wang , Xu Shi , Hengyu Zhang , Yashuai Cao , Jintao Wang

The design and technology development of 6G-enabled networked intelligent systems needs an accurate real-time channel model as the cornerstone. However, with the new requirements of 6G-enabled networked intelligent systems, the conventional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-10 Lu Bai , Zengrui Han , Xuesong Cai , Xiang Cheng

Channel knowledge map (CKM) has emerged as a promising technique to leverage prior propagation knowledge in low-altitude wireless networks (LAWNs), yet state-of-the-art grid-based CKM construction methods struggle to support efficient LAWN…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-11 Le Zhao , Zesong Fei , Wenge Shi , Xinyi Wang , Jingxuan Huang , Jihao Luo , Yong Zeng

6th Generation (6G) mobile networks are envisioned to support several new capabilities and data-centric applications for unprecedented number of users, potentially raising significant energy efficiency and sustainability concerns. This…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Rashmi Kamran , Mahesh Ganesh Bhat , Pranav Jha , Shana Moothedath , Manjesh Hanawal , Prasanna Chaporkar

When Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) perform high-precision communication tasks, such as searching for users and providing emergency coverage, positioning errors between base stations and users make it challenging to deploy trajectory…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-18 Chiya Zhang , Ting Wang , Chunlong He

While fifth-generation (5G) communications are being rolled out worldwide, sixth-generation (6G) communications have attracted much attention from both the industry and the academia. Compared with 5G, 6G will have a wider frequency band,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-17 Yang Zhao , Wenchao Zhai , Jun Zhao , Tinghao Zhang , Sumei Sun , Dusit Niyato , Kwok-Yan Lam

In this article, we first present our vision on the application scenarios, performance metrics, and potential key technologies of the sixth generation (6G) wireless communication networks. Then, 6G wireless channel measurements,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-14 C. -X. Wang , J. Huang , H. Wang , X. Gao , X. -H. You , Y. Hao

Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) is critical for boosting 6G wireless network capacity. Nevertheless, high dimensional Channel State Information (CSI) acquisition becomes the bottleneck of 6G massive MIMO system. Recently,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Haoyu Wang , Zhi Sun , Shuangfeng Han , Xiaoyun Wang , Shidong Zhou , Zhaocheng Wang

In the future sixth-generation (6G) era, to support accurate localization sensing and efficient communication link establishment for intelligent agents, a comprehensive understanding of the surrounding environment and proper channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-07 Lu Bai , Ziwei Huang , Mingran Sun , Xiang Cheng , Lizhen Cui

6G system is evolving toward full-spectrum coverage,ultra-wide bandwidth, and high mobility, resulting in increasingly complex propagation environments. The deep integration of communication and sensing is widely recognized as a core 6G…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xuejian Zhang , Ruisi He , Mi Yang , Zhengyu Zhang , Ziyi Qi

In this paper, we critically review the potential of today's terrestrial wireless communication systems including wireless cellular technologies (GSM, UMTS, LTE, NR), wireless local area networks (WLANs), and wireless sensor networks…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-01 Tomaž Javornik , Andrej Hrovat , Aleš Švigelj

Motivated by the need for increased spectral efficiency and the proliferation of intelligent applications, the sixth-generation (6G) mobile network is anticipated to integrate the dual-functions of communication and sensing (C&S). Although…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Yifei Zhang , Zhen Gao , Jingjing Zhao , Ziming He , Yunsheng Zhang , Chen Lu , Pei Xiao

Imagine interconnected objects with embedded artificial intelligence (AI), empowered to sense the environment, see it, hear it, touch it, interact with it, and move. As future networks of intelligent objects come to life, tremendous new…

Channel knowledge map (CKM) is a promising technology to enable environment-aware wireless communications and sensing. Link state map (LSM) is one particular type of CKM that aims to learn the location-specific line-of-sight (LoS) link…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yuhang Yang , Xiaoli Xu , Yong Zeng , Haijian Sun , Rose Qingyang Hu

The deep integration of communication with intelligence and sensing, as a defining vision of 6G, renders environment-aware channel prediction a key enabling technology. As a representative 6G application, vehicular communications require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Xuejian Zhang , Ruisi He , Minseok Kim , Inocent Calist , Mi Yang , Ziyi Qi