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Transformer-based end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have recently gained wide popularity, and are shown to outperform E2E models based on recurrent structures on a number of ASR tasks. However, like other E2E…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-30 Mohan Li , Catalin Zorila , Rama Doddipatla

Despite extensions to speech inputs, effectively leveraging the rich knowledge and contextual understanding of large language models (LLMs) in automatic speech recognition (ASR) remains non-trivial, as the task primarily involves direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Keqi Deng , Ruchao Fan , Bo Ren , Yiming Wang , Jinyu Li

Joint punctuated and normalized automatic speech recognition (ASR) aims at outputing transcripts with and without punctuation and casing. This task remains challenging due to the lack of paired speech and punctuated text data in most ASR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Can Cui , Imran Ahamad Sheikh , Mostafa Sadeghi , Emmanuel Vincent

Existing research suggests that automatic speech recognition (ASR) models can benefit from additional contexts (e.g., contact lists, user specified vocabulary). Rare words and named entities can be better recognized with contexts. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Ruizhe Huang , Mahsa Yarmohammadi , Sanjeev Khudanpur , Daniel Povey

Attention-based contextual biasing approaches have shown significant improvements in the recognition of generic and/or personal rare-words in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition (E2E ASR) systems like neural transducers. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Xuandi Fu , Kanthashree Mysore Sathyendra , Ankur Gandhe , Jing Liu , Grant P. Strimel , Ross McGowan , Athanasios Mouchtaris

Most end-to-end (E2E) speech recognition models are composed of encoder and decoder blocks that perform acoustic and language modeling functions. Pretrained large language models (LLMs) have the potential to improve the performance of E2E…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-04 Shaoshi Ling , Yuxuan Hu , Shuangbei Qian , Guoli Ye , Yao Qian , Yifan Gong , Ed Lin , Michael Zeng

End-to-end (E2E) systems have played a more and more important role in automatic speech recognition (ASR) and achieved great performance. However, E2E systems recognize output word sequences directly with the input acoustic feature, which…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-04 Qi Liu , Zhehuai Chen , Hao Li , Mingkun Huang , Yizhou Lu , Kai Yu

Context cues carry information which can improve multi-turn interactions in automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. In this paper, we introduce a novel mechanism inspired by hyper-prompting to fuse textual context with acoustic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Sergio Duarte-Torres , Arunasish Sen , Aman Rana , Lukas Drude , Alejandro Gomez-Alanis , Andreas Schwarz , Leif Rädel , Volker Leutnant

Transformer-based models have demonstrated their effectiveness in automatic speech recognition (ASR) tasks and even shown superior performance over the conventional hybrid framework. The main idea of Transformers is to capture the…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Kun Wei , Pengcheng Guo , Ning Jiang

We study speech intent classification and slot filling (SICSF) by proposing to use an encoder pretrained on speech recognition (ASR) to initialize an end-to-end (E2E) Conformer-Transformer model, which achieves the new state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 He Huang , Jagadeesh Balam , Boris Ginsburg

Attention-based encoder-decoder model has achieved impressive results for both automatic speech recognition (ASR) and text-to-speech (TTS) tasks. This approach takes advantage of the memorization capacity of neural networks to learn the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Chengyi Wang , Yu Wu , Yujiao Du , Jinyu Li , Shujie Liu , Liang Lu , Shuo Ren , Guoli Ye , Sheng Zhao , Ming Zhou

Large language model (LLM)-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) has recently attracted a lot of attention due to its high recognition accuracy and enhanced multi-dialect support. However, the high decoding latency of LLMs challenges the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Linye Wei , Shuzhang Zhong , Songqiang Xu , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang , Meng Li

Deep biasing improves automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance by incorporating contextual phrases. However, most existing methods enhance subwords in a contextual phrase as independent units, potentially compromising contextual…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Zhennan Lin , Kaixun Huang , Wei Ren , Linju Yang , Lei Xie

Contextual automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems allow for recognizing out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words, such as named entities or rare words. However, it remains challenging due to limited training data and ambiguous or inconsistent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Changsong Liu , Yizhou Peng , Eng Siong Chng

In this paper we propose a novel data augmentation method for attention-based end-to-end automatic speech recognition (E2E-ASR), utilizing a large amount of text which is not paired with speech signals. Inspired by the back-translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Tomoki Hayashi , Shinji Watanabe , Yu Zhang , Tomoki Toda , Takaaki Hori , Ramon Astudillo , Kazuya Takeda

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is widely used in consumer electronics. ASR greatly improves the utility and accessibility of technology, but usually the output is only word sequences without punctuation. This can result in ambiguity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Andrew Silva , Barry-John Theobald , Nicholas Apostoloff

In the last decade of automatic speech recognition (ASR) research, the introduction of deep learning brought considerable reductions in word error rate of more than 50% relative, compared to modeling without deep learning. In the wake of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-07 Rohit Prabhavalkar , Takaaki Hori , Tara N. Sainath , Ralf Schlüter , Shinji Watanabe

Employing pre-trained language models (LM) to extract contextualized word representations has achieved state-of-the-art performance on various NLP tasks. However, applying this technique to noisy transcripts generated by automatic speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have found their use in numerous industrial applications in very diverse domains. Since domain-specific systems perform better than their generic counterparts on in-domain evaluation, the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Saket Dingliwal , Ashish Shenoy , Sravan Bodapati , Ankur Gandhe , Ravi Teja Gadde , Katrin Kirchhoff

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technology has made significant progress in recent years, providing accurate transcription across various domains. However, some challenges remain, especially in noisy environments and specialized jargon.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-06 Aviv Shamsian , Aviv Navon , Neta Glazer , Gill Hetz , Joseph Keshet