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Related papers: On Autonomous Agents in a Cyber Defence Environmen…

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Defenders are overwhelmed by the number and scale of attacks against their networks.This problem will only be exacerbated as attackers leverage artificial intelligence to automate their workflows. We propose a path to autonomous cyber…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Sean Oesch , Phillipe Austria , Amul Chaulagain , Brian Weber , Cory Watson , Matthew Dixson , Amir Sadovnik

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved remarkable success in domains requiring sequential decision-making, motivating its application to cybersecurity problems. However, transitioning DRL from laboratory simulations to bespoke cyber…

Open-ended learning (OEL) -- which emphasizes training agents that achieve broad capability over narrow competency -- is emerging as a paradigm to develop artificial intelligence (AI) agents to achieve robustness and generalization.…

Tactical decision making is a critical feature for advanced driving systems, that incorporates several challenges such as complexity of the uncertain environment and reliability of the autonomous system. In this work, we develop a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Majid Moghadam , Gabriel Hugh Elkaim

Given the increase in cybercrime, cybersecurity analysts (i.e. Defenders) are in high demand. Defenders must monitor an organization's network to evaluate threats and potential breaches into the network. Adversary simulation is commonly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Baptiste Prebot , Yinuo Du , Cleotilde Gonzalez

Autonomous Cyber Operations (ACO) rely on Reinforcement Learning (RL) to train agents to make effective decisions in the cybersecurity domain. However, existing ACO applications require agents to learn from scratch, leading to slow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Konur Tholl , Mariam El Mezouar , Ranwa Al Mallah

Adversarial attacks against conventional Deep Learning (DL) systems and algorithms have been widely studied, and various defenses were proposed. However, the possibility and feasibility of such attacks against Deep Reinforcement Learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Jianwen Sun , Tianwei Zhang , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma , Yan Zheng , Kangjie Chen , Yang Liu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has recently been used to perform efficient resource allocation in wireless communications. In this paper, the vulnerabilities of such DRL agents to adversarial attacks is studied. In particular, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Feng Wang , M. Cenk Gursoy , Senem Velipasalar

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been around for decades and employed to solve various sequential decision-making problems. These algorithms however have faced great challenges when dealing with high-dimensional environments. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Saeid Nahavandi

This paper presents a secure reinforcement learning (RL) based control method for unknown linear time-invariant cyber-physical systems (CPSs) that are subjected to compositional attacks such as eavesdropping and covert attack. We consider…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-06 Sayak Mukherjee , Veronica Adetola

AI-based defensive solutions are necessary to defend networks and information assets against intelligent automated attacks. Gathering enough realistic data for training machine learning-based defenses is a significant practical challenge.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Kalle Kujanpää , Willie Victor , Alexander Ilin

This paper presents DeepStage, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for adaptive and stage-aware defense against Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). The enterprise environment is formulated as a partially observable Markov decision…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Trung V. Phan , Tri Gia Nguyen , Thomas Bauschert

With the increasing system complexity and attack sophistication, the necessity of autonomous cyber defense becomes vivid for cyber and cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Many existing frameworks in the current state-of-the-art either rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Ashutosh Dutta , Ehab Al-Shaer , Samrat Chatterjee

Hardening cyber physical assets is both crucial and labor-intensive. Recently, Machine Learning (ML) in general and Reinforcement Learning RL) more specifically has shown great promise to automate tasks that otherwise would require…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Thomas Kunz , Christian Fisher , James La Novara-Gsell , Christopher Nguyen , Li Li

Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents can now orchestrate cyberattacks. This development is already increasing the speed and scale of cyber attacks, decreasing attack costs, and improving the operational autonomy of cyber capabilities. To…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Matt Mittelsteadt , Jam Kraprayoon , Robin Staes-Polet , Oskar Galeev , Jan Wehner , Christopher Covino , Shaun Ee

Autonomous cyber agents may be developed by applying reinforcement and deep reinforcement learning (RL/DRL), where agents are trained in a representative environment. The training environment must simulate with high-fidelity the network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Li Li , Jean-Pierre S. El Rami , Adrian Taylor , James Hailing Rao , Thomas Kunz

The dangers of adversarial attacks on Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) agents operating in public are increasing. Adopting AI-based techniques and, more specifically, Deep Learning (DL) approaches to control and guide these UAVs can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Thomas Hickling , Nabil Aouf , Phillippa Spencer

The growing prospect of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) being used in cyber-physical systems has raised concerns around safety and robustness of autonomous agents. Recent work on generating adversarial attacks have shown that it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Aaron J. Havens , Zhanhong Jiang , Soumik Sarkar

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents are vulnerable to adversarial disturbances, which can deteriorate task performance or compromise safety specifications. Existing methods either address safety requirements under the assumption of no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Zeyang Li , Chuxiong Hu , Yunan Wang , Yujie Yang , Shengbo Eben Li

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been applied to address a variety of cooperative multi-agent problems with either discrete action spaces or continuous action spaces. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous work has ever…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Haotian Fu , Hongyao Tang , Jianye Hao , Zihan Lei , Yingfeng Chen , Changjie Fan