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Numerous quantum error-mitigation protocols have been proposed, motivated by the critical need to suppress noise effects on intermediate-scale quantum devices. Yet, their general potential and limitations remain elusive. In particular, to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Ryuji Takagi , Hiroyasu Tajima , Mile Gu

Qubit loss errors constitute a dominant source of noise in many quantum hardware systems, particularly in neutral atom quantum computers. We develop a theoretical framework to effectively detect and correct loss errors in logical algorithms…

The promise of fault-tolerant quantum computing is challenged by environmental drift that relentlessly degrades the quality of quantum operations. The contemporary solution, halting the entire quantum computation for recalibration, is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Volodymyr Sivak , Alexis Morvan , Michael Broughton , Rodrigo G. Cortiñas , Johannes Bausch , Andrew W. Senior , Matthew Neeley , Alec Eickbusch , Noah Shutty , Laleh Aghababaie Beni , James S. Spencer , Francisco J. H Heras , Thomas Edlich , Dmitry Abanin , Amira Abbas , Rajeev Acharya , Georg Aigeldinger , Ross Alcaraz , Sayra Alcaraz , Trond I. Andersen , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Walt Askew , Nikita Astrakhantsev , Juan Atalaya , Brian Ballard , Joseph C. Bardin , Hector Bates , Andreas Bengtsson , Majid Bigdeli Karimi , Alexander Bilmes , Simon Bilodeau , Felix Borjans , Alexandre Bourassa , Jenna Bovaird , Dylan Bowers , Leon Brill , Peter Brooks , David A. Browne , Brett Buchea , Bob B. Buckley , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Jamal Busnaina , Anthony Cabrera , Juan Campero , Hung-Shen Chang , Silas Chen , Ben Chiaro , Liang-Ying Chih , Agnetta Y. Cleland , Bryan Cochrane , Matt Cockrell , Josh Cogan , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , Harold Cook , William Courtney , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Martin Damyanov , Sayan Das , Dripto M. Debroy , Sean Demura , Paul Donohoe , Ilya Drozdov , Andrew Dunsworth , Valerie Ehimhen , Aviv Moshe Elbag , Lior Ella , Mahmoud Elzouka , David Enriquez , Catherine Erickson , Vinicius S. Ferreira , Marcos Flores , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Jeremiah Ford , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Masaya Fukami , Alan Wing Lun Fung , Lenny Fuste , Suhas Ganjam , Gonzalo Garcia , Christopher Garrick , Robert Gasca , Helge Gehring , Robert Geiger , Élie Genois , William Giang , Dar Gilboa , James E. Goeders , Edward C. Gonzales , Raja Gosula , Stijn J. de Graaf , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Dietrich Graumann , Joel Grebel , Alex Greene , Jonathan A. Gross , Jose Guerrero , Loïck Le Guevel , Tan Ha , Steve Habegger , Tanner Hadick , Ali Hadjikhani , Michael C. Hamilton , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Jeanne Hartshorn , Stephen Heslin , Paula Heu , Oscar Higgott , Reno Hiltermann , Hsin-Yuan Huang , Mike Hucka , Christopher Hudspeth , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , Evan Jeffrey , Shaun Jevons , Zhang Jiang , Xiaoxuan Jin , Chaitali Joshi , Pavol Juhas , Andreas Kabel , Dvir Kafri , Hui Kang , Kiseo Kang , Amir H. Karamlou , Ryan Kaufman , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Tanuj Khattar , Mostafa Khezri , Seon Kim , Can M. Knaut , Bryce Kobrin , Fedor Kostritsa , John Mark Kreikebaum , Ryuho Kudo , Ben Kueffler , Arun Kumar , Vladislav D. Kurilovich , Vitali Kutsko , Nathan Lacroix , David Landhuis , Tiano Lange-Dei , Brandon W. Langley , Pavel Laptev , Kim-Ming Lau , Justin Ledford , Joy Lee , Kenny Lee , Brian J. Lester , Wendy Leung , Lily Li , Wing Yan Li , Ming Li , Alexander T. Lill , William P. Livingston , Matthew T. Lloyd , Aditya Locharla , Laura De Lorenzo , Daniel Lundahl , Aaron Lunt , Sid Madhuk , Aniket Maiti , Ashley Maloney , Salvatore Mandrà , Leigh S. Martin , Orion Martin , Eric Mascot , Paul Masih Das , Dmitri Maslov , Melvin Mathews , Cameron Maxfield , Jarrod R. McClean , Matt McEwen , Seneca Meeks , Kevin C. Miao , Zlatko K. Minev , Reza Molavi , Sebastian Molina , Shirin Montazeri , Charles Neill , Michael Newman , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Chia-Hung Ni , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Logan Oas , Raymond Orosco , Kristoffer Ottosson , Alice Pagano , Agustin Di Paolo , Sherman Peek , David Peterson , Alex Pizzuto , Elias Portoles , Rebecca Potter , Orion Pritchard , Michael Qian , Chris Quintana , Arpit Ranadive , Matthew J. Reagor , Rachel Resnick , David M. Rhodes , Daniel Riley , Gabrielle Roberts , Roberto Rodriguez , Emma Ropes , Lucia B. De Rose , Eliott Rosenberg , Emma Rosenfeld , Dario Rosenstock , Elizabeth Rossi , Pedram Roushan , David A. Rower , Robert Salazar , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Murat Can Sarihan , Kevin J. Satzinger , Max Schaefer , Sebastian Schroeder , Henry F. Schurkus , Aria Shahingohar , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Vladimir Shvarts , Spencer Small , W. Clarke Smith , David A. Sobel , Barrett Spells , Sofia Springer , George Sterling , Jordan Suchard , Aaron Szasz , Alexander Sztein , Madeline Taylor , Jothi Priyanka Thiruraman , Douglas Thor , Dogan Timucin , Eifu Tomita , Alfredo Torres , M. Mert Torunbalci , Hao Tran , Abeer Vaishnav , Justin Vargas , Sergey Vdovichev , Guifre Vidal , Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller , Meghan Voorhees , Steven Waltman , Jonathan Waltz , Shannon X. Wang , Brayden Ware , James D. Watson , Yonghua Wei , Travis Weidel , Theodore White , Kristi Wong , Bryan W. K. Woo , Christopher J. Wood , Maddy Woodson , Cheng Xing , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Bicheng Ying , Juhwan Yoo , Noureldin Yosri , Elliot Young , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Ran Zhang , Yaxing Zhang , Ningfeng Zhu , Nicholas Zobrist , Zhenjie Zou , Ryan Babbush , Dave Bacon , Sergio Boixo , Yu Chen , Zijun Chen , Michel Devoret , Monica Hansen , Jeremy Hilton , Cody Jones , Julian Kelly , Alexander N. Korotkov , Erik Lucero , Anthony Megrant , Hartmut Neven , William D. Oliver , Ganesh Ramachandran , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Paul V. Klimov

Quantum error correction (QEC) requires the execution of deep quantum circuits with large numbers of physical qubits to protect information against errors. Designing protocols that can reduce gate and space-time overheads of QEC is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Laura Pecorari , Sven Jandura , Guido Pupillo

Despite significant progress in quantum computing in recent years, executing quantum circuits for practical problems remains challenging due to error-prone quantum hardware. Hence, quantum error correction becomes essential but induces…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Tobias Forster , Nils Quetschlich , Mathias Soeken , Robert Wille

Quantum computers promise to solve certain problems exponentially faster than possible classically but are challenging to build because of their increased susceptibility to errors. Remarkably, however, it is possible to detect and correct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-24 M. D. Reed , L. DiCarlo , S. E. Nigg , L. Sun , L. Frunzio , S. M. Girvin , R. J. Schoelkopf

Superconducting qubits are one of the most promising candidates to implement quantum computers. The superiority of superconducting quantum computers over any classical device in simulating random but well-determined quantum circuits has…

Implementing many important sub-circuits on near-term quantum devices remains a challenge due to the high levels of noise and the prohibitive depth on standard nearest-neighbour topologies. Overcoming these barriers will likely require…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-06 Angus Mingare , Anastasia Moroz , Marcell D Kovacs , Andrew G Green

Quantum computation must be performed in a fault-tolerant manner to be realizable in practice. Recent progress has uncovered quantum error-correcting codes with sparse connectivity requirements and constant qubit overhead. Existing schemes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Dominic J. Williamson , Theodore J. Yoder

In the early years of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC), it is expected that the available code distance and the number of magic states will be restricted due to the limited scalability of quantum devices and the insufficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-30 Yasunari Suzuki , Suguru Endo , Keisuke Fujii , Yuuki Tokunaga

Although qubit coherence times and gate fidelities are continuously improving, logical encoding is essential to achieve fault tolerance in quantum computing. In most encoding schemes, correcting or tracking errors throughout the computation…

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is typically viewed as a suite of practical techniques for today's noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, with limited relevance once fault-tolerant quantum computers become available. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Zeyuan Zhou , Shaun Pexton , Aleksander Kubica , Yongshan Ding

Dynamical error suppression techniques are commonly used to improve coherence in quantum systems. They reduce dephasing errors by applying control pulses designed to reverse erroneous coherent evolution driven by environmental noise.…

Quantum error correction provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit, where the logical error rate is suppressed exponentially as more qubits are added. However, this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Rajeev Acharya , Laleh Aghababaie-Beni , Igor Aleiner , Trond I. Andersen , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Abraham Asfaw , Nikita Astrakhantsev , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Dave Bacon , Brian Ballard , Joseph C. Bardin , Johannes Bausch , Andreas Bengtsson , Alexander Bilmes , Sam Blackwell , Sergio Boixo , Gina Bortoli , Alexandre Bourassa , Jenna Bovaird , Leon Brill , Michael Broughton , David A. Browne , Brett Buchea , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Anthony Cabrera , Juan Campero , Hung-Shen Chang , Yu Chen , Zijun Chen , Ben Chiaro , Desmond Chik , Charina Chou , Jahan Claes , Agnetta Y. Cleland , Josh Cogan , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , William Courtney , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Sayan Das , Alex Davies , Laura De Lorenzo , Dripto M. Debroy , Sean Demura , Michel Devoret , Agustin Di Paolo , Paul Donohoe , Ilya Drozdov , Andrew Dunsworth , Clint Earle , Thomas Edlich , Alec Eickbusch , Aviv Moshe Elbag , Mahmoud Elzouka , Catherine Erickson , Lara Faoro , Edward Farhi , Vinicius S. Ferreira , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Suhas Ganjam , Gonzalo Garcia , Robert Gasca , Élie Genois , William Giang , Craig Gidney , Dar Gilboa , Raja Gosula , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Dietrich Graumann , Alex Greene , Jonathan A. Gross , Steve Habegger , John Hall , Michael C. Hamilton , Monica Hansen , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Francisco J. H. Heras , Stephen Heslin , Paula Heu , Oscar Higgott , Gordon Hill , Jeremy Hilton , George Holland , Sabrina Hong , Hsin-Yuan Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , Lev B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Stephen Jordan , Chaitali Joshi , Pavol Juhas , Dvir Kafri , Hui Kang , Amir H. Karamlou , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Julian Kelly , Trupti Khaire , Tanuj Khattar , Mostafa Khezri , Seon Kim , Paul V. Klimov , Andrey R. Klots , Bryce Kobrin , Pushmeet Kohli , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , Robin Kothari , Borislav Kozlovskii , John Mark Kreikebaum , Vladislav D. Kurilovich , Nathan Lacroix , David Landhuis , Tiano Lange-Dei , Brandon W. Langley , Pavel Laptev , Kim-Ming Lau , Loïck Le Guevel , Justin Ledford , Kenny Lee , Yuri D. Lensky , Shannon Leon , Brian J. Lester , Wing Yan Li , Yin Li , Alexander T. Lill , Wayne Liu , William P. Livingston , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Daniel Lundahl , Aaron Lunt , Sid Madhuk , Fionn D. Malone , Ashley Maloney , Salvatore Mandrá , Leigh S. Martin , Steven Martin , Orion Martin , Cameron Maxfield , Jarrod R. McClean , Matt McEwen , Seneca Meeks , Anthony Megrant , Xiao Mi , Kevin C. Miao , Amanda Mieszala , Reza Molavi , Sebastian Molina , Shirin Montazeri , Alexis Morvan , Ramis Movassagh , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Ani Nersisyan , Hartmut Neven , Michael Newman , Jiun How Ng , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Chia-Hung Ni , Thomas E. O'Brien , William D. Oliver , Alex Opremcak , Kristoffer Ottosson , Andre Petukhov , Alex Pizzuto , John Platt , Rebecca Potter , Orion Pritchard , Leonid P. Pryadko , Chris Quintana , Ganesh Ramachandran , Matthew J. Reagor , David M. Rhodes , Gabrielle Roberts , Eliott Rosenberg , Emma Rosenfeld , Pedram Roushan , Nicholas C. Rubin , Negar Saei , Daniel Sank , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Kevin J. Satzinger , Henry F. Schurkus , Christopher Schuster , Andrew W. Senior , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Noah Shutty , Vladimir Shvarts , Shraddha Singh , Volodymyr Sivak , Jindra Skruzny , Spencer Small , Vadim Smelyanskiy , W. Clarke Smith , Rolando D. Somma , Sofia Springer , George Sterling , Doug Strain , Jordan Suchard , Aaron Szasz , Alex Sztein , Douglas Thor , Alfredo Torres , M. Mert Torunbalci , Abeer Vaishnav , Justin Vargas , Sergey Vdovichev , Guifre Vidal , Benjamin Villalonga , Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller , Steven Waltman , Shannon X. Wang , Brayden Ware , Kate Weber , Theodore White , Kristi Wong , Bryan W. K. Woo , Cheng Xing , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Bicheng Ying , Juhwan Yoo , Noureldin Yosri , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Yaxing Zhang , Ningfeng Zhu , Nicholas Zobrist

Quantum computers have advanced rapidly in qubit count and gate fidelity. However, large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing still relies on quantum error correction code (QECC) to suppress noise. Manually or experimentally verifying the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Kean Chen , Yuhao Liu , Wang Fang , Jennifer Paykin , Xin-Chuan Wu , Albert Schmitz , Steve Zdancewic , Gushu Li

Quantum computing hardware is affected by quantum noise that undermine the quality of results of an executed quantum program. Amongst other quantum noises, coherent error that caused by parameter drifting and miscalibration, remains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xiangyu Ren , Junjie Wan , Zhiding Liang , Antonio Barbalace

Achieving high-fidelity qubit readout and reset while preserving qubit coherence is essential for quantum error correction and other advanced quantum algorithms. Here, we design and experimentally demonstrate a scalable architecture…

We report a substantially simplified procedure, based on group-theoretic reasoning, for the reduction of qubit leakage in exchange-only spin qubits. We to find exchange sequences which accomplish leakage reduction with only two additional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-23 Veit Langrock , David P. DiVincenzo

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. While superconducting qubits are among the most promising candidates for scalable QEC, their limited nearest-neighbor connectivity presents…

To unleash the potential of quantum computers, noise effects on qubits' performance must be carefully managed. The decoders responsible for diagnosing noise-induced computational errors must use resources efficiently to enable scaling to…