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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in natural language processing tasks. Recommender systems traditionally use methods such as collaborative filtering and matrix factorization, as well as advanced techniques like deep…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Makbule Gulcin Ozsoy

The rise of online platforms exacerbated the spread of hate speech, demanding scalable and effective detection. However, the accuracy of hate speech detection systems heavily relies on human-labeled data, which is inherently susceptible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Tommaso Giorgi , Lorenzo Cima , Tiziano Fagni , Marco Avvenuti , Stefano Cresci

Modern language models are trained on large amounts of data. These data inevitably include controversial and stereotypical content, which contains all sorts of biases related to gender, origin, age, etc. As a result, the models express…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Aleksandra Sorokovikova , Pavel Chizhov , Iuliia Eremenko , Ivan P. Yamshchikov

Code generation models are widely used in software development, yet their sensitivity to prompt phrasing remains under-examined. Identical requirements expressed with different emotions or communication styles can yield divergent outputs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Wei Ma , Yixiao Yang , Jingquan Ge , Xiaofei Xie , Lingxiao Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on NLP classification tasks. However, they typically rely on aggregated labels-often via majority voting-which can obscure the human disagreement inherent in subjective annotations.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Benedetta Muscato , Yue Li , Gizem Gezici , Zhixue Zhao , Fosca Giannotti

In assessing argument strength, the notions of what makes a good argument are manifold. With the broader trend towards treating subjectivity as an asset and not a problem in NLP, new dimensions of argument quality are studied. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Carlotta Quensel , Neele Falk , Gabriella Lapesa

Stereotypes influence social perceptions and can escalate into discrimination and violence. While NLP research has extensively addressed gender bias and hate speech, stereotype detection remains an emerging field with significant societal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Alessandra Teresa Cignarella , Anastasia Giachanou , Els Lefever

Large Language Models (LLMs) can infer sensitive attributes such as gender or age from indirect cues like names and pronouns, potentially biasing recommendations. While several debiasing methods exist, they require access to the LLMs'…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Mihaela Rotar , Theresia Veronika Rampisela , Maria Maistro

Prompting is a common approach for leveraging LMs in zero-shot settings. However, the underlying mechanisms that enable LMs to perform diverse tasks without task-specific supervision remain poorly understood. Studying the relationship…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Cesar Gonzalez-Gutierrez , Dirk Hovy

In this work, we explore the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to annotate hate speech and abusiveness while considering predefined annotator personas within the strong-to-weak data perspectivism spectra. We evaluated LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Olufunke O. Sarumi , Charles Welch , Daniel Braun , Jörg Schlötterer

Persona prompting is widely used to steer large language models, yet its practical value remains unclear. Prior work often evaluates persona prompting using aggregate scores, making it difficult to determine whether expert-role prompting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shuai Xiao , Su Liu , Weikai Zhou , Jialun Wu , Xinjie He , Zhiyuan Lin , Qiyang Xie

LLM use in annotation is becoming widespread, and given LLMs' overall promising performance and speed, simply "reviewing" LLM annotations in interpretive tasks can be tempting. In subjective annotation tasks with multiple plausible answers,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Hope Schroeder , Deb Roy , Jad Kabbara

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to lack cultural representation and overall diversity in their generations, from expressing opinions to answering factual questions. To mitigate this problem, we propose multilingual prompting: a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qihan Wang , Shidong Pan , Tal Linzen , Emily Black

Natural Language Inference is a challenging task that has received substantial attention, and state-of-the-art models now achieve impressive test set performance in the form of accuracy scores. Here, we go beyond this single evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-14 Vicente Ivan Sanchez Carmona , Jeff Mitchell , Sebastian Riedel

Recent studies have demonstrated that natural-language prompts can help to leverage the knowledge learned by pre-trained language models for the binary sentence-level sentiment classification task. Specifically, these methods utilize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Mohna Chakraborty , Adithya Kulkarni , Qi Li

Prompt-based methods have been used extensively across NLP to build zero- and few-shot label predictors. Many NLP tasks are naturally structured: that is, their outputs consist of multiple labels which constrain each other. Annotating data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Maitrey Mehta , Valentina Pyatkin , Vivek Srikumar

The ongoing revolution in language modeling has led to various novel applications, some of which rely on the emerging social abilities of large language models (LLMs). Already, many turn to the new cyber friends for advice during the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ivan Zakazov , Mikolaj Boronski , Lorenzo Drudi , Robert West

Pretrained language models (PLMs) are key components in NLP, but they contain strong social biases. Quantifying these biases is challenging because current methods focusing on fill-the-mask objectives are sensitive to slight changes in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Abdullatif Köksal , Omer Faruk Yalcin , Ahmet Akbiyik , M. Tahir Kilavuz , Anna Korhonen , Hinrich Schütze

Unwanted and often harmful social biases are becoming ever more salient in NLP research, affecting both models and datasets. In this work, we ask whether training on demographically perturbed data leads to fairer language models. We collect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Rebecca Qian , Candace Ross , Jude Fernandes , Eric Smith , Douwe Kiela , Adina Williams

NLP datasets are richer than just input-output pairs; rather, they carry causal relations between the input and output variables. In this work, we take sentiment classification as an example and look into the causal relations between the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Zhiheng Lyu , Zhijing Jin , Justus Mattern , Rada Mihalcea , Mrinmaya Sachan , Bernhard Schoelkopf
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