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Federated learning enables multiple clients to collaboratively learn a global model by periodically aggregating the clients' models without transferring the local data. However, due to the heterogeneity of the system and data, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Dezhong Yao , Wanning Pan , Yutong Dai , Yao Wan , Xiaofeng Ding , Hai Jin , Zheng Xu , Lichao Sun

Federated Learning (FL) holds great potential for diverse applications owing to its privacy-preserving nature. However, its convergence is often challenged by non-IID data distributions, limiting its effectiveness in real-world deployments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kun Zhai , Yifeng Gao , Difan Zou , Guangnan Ye , Siheng Chen , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that enables multiple clients to learn a powerful global model by aggregating local training. However, the performance of the global model is often hampered by non-i.i.d.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Chun-Mei Feng , Kai Yu , Nian Liu , Xinxing Xu , Salman Khan , Wangmeng Zuo

Horizontal Federated learning (FL) handles multi-client data that share the same set of features, and vertical FL trains a better predictor that combine all the features from different clients. This paper targets solving vertical FL in an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Tianyi Chen , Xiao Jin , Yuejiao Sun , Wotao Yin

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a transformative approach for enabling distributed machine learning while preserving user privacy, yet it faces challenges like communication inefficiencies and reliance on centralized infrastructures,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Sai Puppala , Ismail Hossain , Md Jahangir Alam , Sajedul Talukder , Zahidur Talukder , Syed Bahauddin

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm where clients collaboratively train a model while keeping their own data private. With an increasing scale of clients and models, FL encounters two key challenges, client drift due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Jianhui Sun , Xidong Wu , Heng Huang , Aidong Zhang

Federated graph learning (FGL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train powerful graph neural networks without sharing their private, decentralized graph data. Inherited from generic federated learning, FGL is critically challenged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Xinrui Li , Qilin Fan , Tianfu Wang , Kaiwen Wei , Ke Yu , Xu Zhang

As privacy concerns continue to grow, federated learning (FL) has gained significant attention as a promising privacy-preserving technology, leading to considerable advancements in recent years. Unlike traditional machine learning, which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Boyu Fan , Siyang Jiang , Xiang Su , Sasu Tarkoma , Pan Hui

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed learning technique that trains a shared model over distributed data in a privacy-preserving manner. Unfortunately, FL's performance degrades when there is (i) variability in client characteristics in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Muhammad Tahir Munir , Muhammad Mustansar Saeed , Mahad Ali , Zafar Ayyub Qazi , Ihsan Ayyub Qazi

Federated learning (FL) is a promising approach for training decentralized data located on local client devices while improving efficiency and privacy. However, the distribution and quantity of the training data on the clients' side may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Lixu Wang , Shichao Xu , Xiao Wang , Qi Zhu

Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging distributed learning paradigm under privacy constraint. Data heterogeneity is one of the main challenges in FL, which results in slow convergence and degraded performance. Most existing approaches only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Lin Zhang , Li Shen , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao , Ling-Yu Duan

Federated Learning (FL) allows edge devices (or clients) to keep data locally while simultaneously training a shared high-quality global model. However, current research is generally based on an assumption that the training data of local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Zhe Zhang , Shiyao Ma , Jiangtian Nie , Yi Wu , Qiang Yan , Xiaoke Xu , Dusit Niyato

Federated learning enables collaborative model training across distributed clients while preserving data privacy. However, in practical deployments, device heterogeneity, non-independent, and identically distributed (Non-IID) data often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Jin Wang , Hui Ma , Fei Xing , Ming Yan

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training without centralizing data, essential for privacy compliance in real-world scenarios involving sensitive visual information. Most FL approaches rely on expensive, iterative deep network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Alejandro Dopico-Castro , Oscar Fontenla-Romero , Bertha Guijarro-Berdiñas , Amparo Alonso-Betanzos , Iván Pérez Digón

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm in which a large number of clients coordinate with a central server to learn a model without sharing their own training data. One central server is not enough, due to…

Federated learning (FL) enables geographically dispersed edge devices (i.e., clients) to learn a global model without sharing the local datasets, where each client performs gradient descent with its local data and uploads the gradients to a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Heting Liu , Fang He , Guohong Cao

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across multiple parties without sharing raw data, with semi-asynchronous FL (SAFL) emerging as a balanced approach between synchronous and asynchronous FL. However, SAFL faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yunbo Li , Jiaping Gui , Zhihang Deng , Fanchao Meng , Yue Wu

Federated learning (FL) allows collaborative machine learning (ML) model training among decentralized clients' information, ensuring data privacy. The decentralized nature of FL deals with non-independent and identically distributed…

Federated learning (FL) facilitates a privacy-preserving neural network training paradigm through collaboration between edge clients and a central server. One significant challenge is that the distributed data is not independently and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yu Qiao , Huy Q. Le , Mengchun Zhang , Apurba Adhikary , Chaoning Zhang , Choong Seon Hong

With the advancement of edge computing, federated learning (FL) displays a bright promise as a privacy-preserving collaborative learning paradigm. However, one major challenge for FL is the data heterogeneity issue, which refers to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Huan Wang , Haoran Li , Huaming Chen , Jun Yan , Lijuan Wang , Jiahua Shi , Shiping Chen , Jun Shen