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Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding is a text generation technique that has been shown to improve the quality of machine translations, but is expensive, even if a sampling-based approximation is used. Besides requiring a large number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jannis Vamvas , Rico Sennrich

Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding is a method for choosing the outputs of a machine learning system based not on the output with the highest probability, but the output with the lowest risk (expected error) among multiple candidates. It is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Amanda Bertsch , Alex Xie , Graham Neubig , Matthew R. Gormley

Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding is a powerful decoding strategy widely used for text generation tasks, but its quadratic computational complexity limits its practical application. This paper presents a novel approach for approximating MBR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Firas Trabelsi , David Vilar , Mara Finkelstein , Markus Freitag

Error Span Detection (ESD) extends automatic machine translation (MT) evaluation by localizing translation errors and labeling their severity. Current generative ESD methods typically use Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) decoding, assuming that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Boxuan Lyu , Haiyue Song , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Chenchen Ding , Hideki Tanaka , Masao Utiyama , Kotaro Funakoshi , Manabu Okumura

Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding optimizes output selection by maximizing the expected utility value of an underlying human distribution. While prior work has shown the effectiveness of MBR decoding through empirical evaluation, few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yuki Ichihara , Yuu Jinnai , Kaito Ariu , Tetsuro Morimura , Eiji Uchibe

Minimum Bayes risk (MBR) decoding generates high-quality translations by maximizing the expected utility of output candidates, but it evaluates all pairwise scores over the candidate set; hence, it takes quadratic time with respect to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Koki Natsumi , Hiroyuki Deguchi , Yusuke Sakai , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

For extended periods of time, sequence generation models rely on beam search algorithm to generate output sequence. However, the correctness of beam search degrades when the a model is over-confident about a suboptimal prediction. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-09 Raphael Shu , Hideki Nakayama

While Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding using metrics such as COMET or MetricX has outperformed traditional decoding methods such as greedy or beam search, it introduces a challenge we refer to as metric bias. As MBR decoding aims to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Geza Kovacs , Daniel Deutsch , Markus Freitag

Minimum Bayes risk (MBR) decoding is a decision rule of text generation tasks that outperforms conventional maximum a posterior (MAP) decoding using beam search by selecting high-quality outputs based on a utility function rather than those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Hiroyuki Deguchi , Yusuke Sakai , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Recent advances in machine translation (MT) have shown that Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding can be a powerful alternative to beam search decoding, especially when combined with neural-based utility functions. However, the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Markus Freitag , Behrooz Ghorbani , Patrick Fernandes

Despite their outstanding performance in the majority of scenarios, contemporary language models still occasionally generate undesirable outputs, for example, hallucinated text. While such behaviors have previously been linked to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Nico Daheim , Clara Meister , Thomas Möllenhoff , Iryna Gurevych

While instruction fine-tuned LLMs are effective text generators, sensitivity to prompt construction makes performance unstable and sub-optimal in practice. Relying on a single "best" prompt cannot capture all differing approaches to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 David Heineman , Yao Dou , Wei Xu

Minimum Bayes risk (MBR) decoding outputs the hypothesis with the highest expected utility over the model distribution for some utility function. It has been shown to improve accuracy over beam search in conditional language generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Julius Cheng , Andreas Vlachos

Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding has been shown to be a powerful alternative to beam search decoding in a variety of text generation tasks. MBR decoding selects a hypothesis from a pool of hypotheses that has the least expected risk under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Yuu Jinnai , Tetsuro Morimura , Ukyo Honda , Kaito Ariu , Kenshi Abe

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) currently exhibits biases such as producing translations that are too short and overgenerating frequent words, and shows poor robustness to copy noise in training data or domain shift. Recent work has tied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Mathias Müller , Rico Sennrich

One of the most important challenges in text generation systems is to produce outputs that are not only correct but also diverse. Recently, Minimum Bayes-Risk (MBR) decoding has gained prominence for generating sentences of the highest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Yuu Jinnai , Ukyo Honda , Tetsuro Morimura , Peinan Zhang

The field of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) has produced various systems to deal with focused phenomena or general text editing. We propose an automatic way to combine black-box systems. Our method automatically detects the strength of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Yoav Kantor , Yoav Katz , Leshem Choshen , Edo Cohen-Karlik , Naftali Liberman , Assaf Toledo , Amir Menczel , Noam Slonim

This paper explores Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding for self-improvement in machine translation (MT), particularly for domain adaptation and low-resource languages. We implement the self-improvement process by fine-tuning the model on its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Kamil Guttmann , Mikołaj Pokrywka , Adrian Charkiewicz , Artur Nowakowski

General-purpose LLM judges capable of human-level evaluation provide not only a scalable and accurate way of evaluating instruction-following LLMs but also new avenues for supervising and improving their performance. One promising way of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Ian Wu , Patrick Fernandes , Amanda Bertsch , Seungone Kim , Sina Pakazad , Graham Neubig

Recent work has shown that sample-based Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding outperforms beam search in text-to-text generation tasks, such as machine translation, text summarization, and image captioning. On the other hand, beam search is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yuu Jinnai
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