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Shampoo is one of the leading approximate second-order optimizers: a variant of it has won the MLCommons AlgoPerf competition, and it has been shown to produce models with lower activation outliers that are easier to compress. Yet, applying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ionut-Vlad Modoranu , Philip Zmushko , Erik Schultheis , Mher Safaryan , Dan Alistarh

Preconditioned gradient methods are among the most general and powerful tools in optimization. However, preconditioning requires storing and manipulating prohibitively large matrices. We describe and analyze a new structure-aware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-05 Vineet Gupta , Tomer Koren , Yoram Singer

Distributed deep learning is becoming increasingly popular due to the expanding demand for computing resources for deep learning models with a larger amount of parameters. Different from traditional training approaches, data-parallel…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Hao Bai

This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of the PyTorch distributed data parallel module. PyTorch is a widely-adopted scientific computing package used in deep learning research and applications. Recent advances in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Shen Li , Yanli Zhao , Rohan Varma , Omkar Salpekar , Pieter Noordhuis , Teng Li , Adam Paszke , Jeff Smith , Brian Vaughan , Pritam Damania , Soumith Chintala

We present a novel unified analysis for a broad class of adaptive optimization algorithms with structured (e.g., layerwise, diagonal, and kronecker-factored) preconditioners for both online regret minimization and offline convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Shuo Xie , Tianhao Wang , Sashank Reddi , Sanjiv Kumar , Zhiyuan Li

Training deep networks is expensive and time-consuming with the training period increasing with data size and growth in model parameters. In this paper, we provide a framework for distributed training of deep networks over a cluster of CPUs…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-22 Disha Shrivastava , Santanu Chaudhury , Dr. Jayadeva

Shampoo, a second-order optimization algorithm which uses a Kronecker product preconditioner, has recently garnered increasing attention from the machine learning community. The preconditioner used by Shampoo can be viewed either as an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Depen Morwani , Itai Shapira , Nikhil Vyas , Eran Malach , Sham Kakade , Lucas Janson

Optimizers leveraging the matrix structure in neural networks, such as Shampoo and Muon, are more data-efficient than element-wise algorithms like Adam and Signum. While in specific settings, Shampoo and Muon reduce to spectral descent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Runa Eschenhagen , Anna Cai , Tsung-Hsien Lee , Hao-Jun Michael Shi

Asynchronous distributed algorithms are a popular way to reduce synchronization costs in large-scale optimization, and in particular for neural network training. However, for nonsmooth and nonconvex objectives, few convergence guarantees…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-14 Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Malcolm Egan , Bapi Chatterjee , Dan Alistarh

There is growing evidence of the effectiveness of Shampoo, a higher-order preconditioning method, over Adam in deep learning optimization tasks. However, Shampoo's drawbacks include additional hyperparameters and computational overhead when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Nikhil Vyas , Depen Morwani , Rosie Zhao , Mujin Kwun , Itai Shapira , David Brandfonbrener , Lucas Janson , Sham Kakade

In this work, we take an experimentally grounded look at neural network optimization. Building on the Shampoo family of algorithms, we identify and alleviate three key issues, resulting in the proposed SPlus method. First, we find that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Kevin Frans , Sergey Levine , Pieter Abbeel

Training massive-scale deep learning models on datasets spanning tens of terabytes presents critical challenges in hardware utilization and training reproducibility. In this paper, we identify and resolve profound data-loading bottlenecks…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Kashish Mittal , Di Yu , Roozbeh Ketabi , Arushi Arora , Brendon Lapp , Peng Zhang

We present diffSPH, a novel open-source differentiable Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) framework developed entirely in PyTorch with GPU acceleration. diffSPH is designed centrally around differentiation to facilitate optimization and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-30 Rene Winchenbach , Nils Thuerey

With increasing data and model complexities, the time required to train neural networks has become prohibitively large. To address the exponential rise in training time, users are turning to data parallel neural networks (DPNN) to utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Daniel Coquelin , Charlotte Debus , Markus Götz , Fabrice von der Lehr , James Kahn , Martin Siggel , Achim Streit

State-of-the-art deep learning systems such as TensorFlow and PyTorch tightly couple the model with the underlying hardware. This coupling requires the user to modify application logic in order to run the same job across a different set of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Andrew Or , Haoyu Zhang , Michael J. Freedman

The goal of the AlgoPerf: Training Algorithms competition is to evaluate practical speed-ups in neural network training achieved solely by improving the underlying training algorithms. In the external tuning ruleset, submissions must…

Parameter updating is an important stage in parallelism-based distributed deep learning. Synchronous methods are widely used in distributed training the Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). To reduce the communication and synchronization overhead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Qing Ye , Yuxuan Han , Yanan sun , JIancheng Lv

A unified framework for first-order optimization algorithms fornonconvex unconstrained optimization is proposed that uses adaptivelypreconditioned gradients and includes popular methods such as full anddiagonal AdaGrad, AdaNorm, as well as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 S. Gratton , Ph. L. Toint

Distributed training of deep nets is an important technique to address some of the present day computing challenges like memory consumption and computational demands. Classical distributed approaches, synchronous or asynchronous, are based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-14 Youjie Li , Mingchao Yu , Songze Li , Salman Avestimehr , Nam Sung Kim , Alexander Schwing

Stochastic algorithms are efficient approaches to solving machine learning and optimization problems. In this paper, we propose a general framework called Splash for parallelizing stochastic algorithms on multi-node distributed systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-24 Yuchen Zhang , Michael I. Jordan
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