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Magnetic reconnection is commonly considered as a mechanism of solar (eruptive) flares. A deeper study of this scenario reveals, however, a number of open issues. Among them is the fundamental question, how the magnetic energy is…
Recent studies have revealed that solar jets involving minifilament eruptions may be initiated under the well-known magnetic-breakout mechanism. Before or just at the onset of those jets, there should be a current sheet, where breakout…
Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs), a major component of space weather, propagate through the interplanetary medium strongly guided by the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF). In this work, we analyse the implications a flat Heliospheric…
It is well known that major solar eruptions are often produced by active regions with continual photospheric shearing and converging motions. Here, through high accuracy magnetohydrodynamics simulation, we show how solar eruption is…
Current theory states that the magnetic moment of a charged particle is constant, or invariant in a slowly changing magnetic field. It also states that the magnetic flux through a Larmor orbit is constant. The current theory is closely…
On 2022 February 15, an impressive filament eruption was observed off the solar eastern limb from three remote-sensing viewpoints, namely Earth, STEREO-A, and Solar Orbiter. In addition to representing the most-distant observed filament at…
The solar chromosphere is a crucial interface between the solar interior and its interplanetary environment, regulating how energy is locally deposited into heat and transported into the upper atmospheric layers. Despite significant…
Solar flares and CMEs have a broad range of magnitudes. This review discusses the possibility of "extreme events," defined as those with magnitudes greater than have been seen in the existing historical record. For most quantitative…
Context. Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are detected in interplanetary space in association with solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The magnetic connection between the observing spacecraft and the solar active region (AR)…
The magnetic topology and field line random walk properties of a nanoflare-heated and magnetically confined corona are investigated in the reduced magnetohydrodynamic regime. Field lines originating from current sheets form coherent…
Solar flares and coronal mass ejections are the largest energy release phenomena in the current solar system. They cause drastic enhancements of electromagnetic waves of various wavelengths and sometimes eject coronal material into the…
The state of the space environment plays a significant role for forecasting of geomagnetic storms produced by disturbances of the solar wind (SW). Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) passing through the heliosphere often have a prolonged (up to…
During the Parker Solar Probe's (PSP) first perihelion pass, the spacecraft reached within a heliocentric distance of \(\sim 37~R_\odot\) and observed numerous magnetic and flow structures characterized by sharp gradients. To better…
An X3.4 solar flare and a fast halo coronal mass ejection (CME) occurred on 2006 December 13, accompanied by a high flux of energetic particles recorded both in near-Earth space and at ground level. Our purpose is to provide evidence of…
Solar flares can release coronal magnetic energy explosively and may impact the safety of near-earth space environments. Their structures and properties on macroscale have been interpreted successfully by the generally-accepted…
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) represent one type of the major eruption from the Sun. Their interplanetary counterparts, the interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs), are the direct manifestations of these structures when they propagate into the…
We present a review of the different aspects associated with the interaction of successive CMEs in the corona and inner heliosphere, focusing on the initiation of series of CMEs, their interaction in the heliosphere, the particle…
Turbulence plays a key role for forming the complex geometry of the large-scale current sheet (CS) and fast energy release in a solar eruption. In this paper, we present full 3D high-resolution simulations for the process of a moderate…
Solar eruptions are spectacular magnetic explosions in the Sun's corona, and how they are initiated remains unclear. Prevailing theories often rely on special magnetic topologies that may not generally exist in the pre-eruption source…
We present the analysis of 2,033 current sheets (CS) observed aboard four Cluster spacecraft in a pristine solar wind. Four-spacecraft estimates of the CS normal and propagation velocity are compared with different single-spacecraft…