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We introduce DeCaFlow, a deconfounding causal generative model. Training once per dataset using just observational data and the underlying causal graph, DeCaFlow enables accurate causal inference on continuous variables under the presence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Alejandro Almodóvar , Adrián Javaloy , Juan Parras , Santiago Zazo , Isabel Valera

Uncertainty in the estimation of the causal effect in observational studies is often due to unmeasured confounding, i.e., the presence of unobserved covariates linking treatments and outcomes. Instrumental Variables (IV) are commonly used…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-30 M. Usaid Awan , Yameng Liu , Marco Morucci , Sudeepa Roy , Cynthia Rudin , Alexander Volfovsky

We propose an approach to estimate the effect of multiple simultaneous interventions in the presence of hidden confounders. To overcome the problem of hidden confounding, we consider the setting where we have access to not only the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-17 Sorawit Saengkyongam , Ricardo Silva

For supervised learning with tabular data, decision tree ensembles produced via boosting techniques generally dominate real-world applications involving iid training/test sets. However for graph data where the iid assumption is violated due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Jiuhai Chen , Jonas Mueller , Vassilis N. Ioannidis , Soji Adeshina , Yangkun Wang , Tom Goldstein , David Wipf

A common concern when a policymaker draws causal inferences from and makes decisions based on observational data is that the measured covariates are insufficiently rich to account for all sources of confounding, i.e., the standard no…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-25 Tao Shen , Yifan Cui

Unmeasured confounding presents a common challenge in observational studies, potentially making standard causal parameters unidentifiable without additional assumptions. Given the increasing availability of diverse data sources, exploiting…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-18 Shanshan Luo , Yechi Zhang , Wei Li

The Potential Outcome Framework (POF) plays a prominent role in the field of causal inference. Most causal inference models based on the POF (CIMs-POF) are designed for eliminating confounding bias and default to an underlying assumption of…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-06 Yonghe Zhao , Qiang Huang , Shuai Fu , Huiyan Sun

Feature selection is an important problem in machine learning, which aims to select variables that lead to an optimal predictive model. In this paper, we focus on feature selection for post-intervention outcome prediction from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-16 Sofia Triantafillou , Fattaneh Jabbari , Greg Cooper

Recent works in multimodal recommendations, which leverage diverse modal information to address data sparsity and enhance recommendation accuracy, have garnered considerable interest. Two key processes in multimodal recommendations are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jinfeng Xu , Zheyu Chen , Wei Wang , Xiping Hu , Sang-Wook Kim , Edith C. H. Ngai

Pull voting is a random process in which vertices of a connected graph have initial opinions chosen from a set of $k$ distinct opinions, and at each step a random vertex alters its opinion to that of a randomly chosen neighbour. If the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Colin Cooper , Tomasz Radzik , Takeharu Shiraga

The estimation of treatment effects is a pervasive problem in medicine. Existing methods for estimating treatment effects from longitudinal observational data assume that there are no hidden confounders, an assumption that is not testable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Ioana Bica , Ahmed M. Alaa , Mihaela van der Schaar

Observational studies of treatment effects require adjustment for confounding variables. However, causal inference methods typically cannot deliver perfect adjustment on all measured baseline variables, and there is often ambiguity about…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-16 Lauren D. Liao , Yeyi Zhu , Amanda L. Ngo , Rana F. Chehab , Samuel D. Pimentel

Confounding remains one of the major challenges to causal inference with observational data. This problem is paramount in medicine, where we would like to answer causal questions from large observational datasets like electronic health…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-10 Linying Zhang , Yixin Wang , Martijn Schuemie , David Blei , George Hripcsak

We address modelling and computational issues for multiple treatment effect inference under many potential confounders. Our main contribution is providing a trade-off between preventing the omission of relevant confounders, while not…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-04 Omiros Papaspiliopoulos , David Rossell , Miquel Torrens-i-Dinarès

In recent years, dual-target Cross-Domain Recommendation (CDR) has been proposed to capture comprehensive user preferences in order to ultimately enhance the recommendation accuracy in both data-richer and data-sparser domains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jiajie Zhu , Yan Wang , Feng Zhu , Zhu Sun

Identification of treatment effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding is a persistent problem in the social, biological, and medical sciences. The problem of unmeasured confounding in settings with multiple treatments is most common…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-12 Wang Miao , Wenjie Hu , Elizabeth L. Ogburn , Xiaohua Zhou

Causality inference is prone to spurious causal interactions, due to the substantial confounders in a complex system. While many existing methods based on the statistical methods or dynamical methods attempt to address misidentification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Jinling Yan , Shao-Wu Zhang , Chihao Zhang , Weitian Huang , Jifan Shi , Luonan Chen

Causal discovery aims to recover information about an unobserved causal graph from the observable data it generates. Layerings are orderings of the variables which place causes before effects. In this paper, we provide ways to recover…

One of the most fundamental problems in causal inference is the estimation of a causal effect when variables are confounded. This is difficult in an observational study, because one has no direct evidence that all confounders have been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-03 Ricardo Silva , Robin Evans

The combinatorial pure exploration of causal bandits is the following online learning task: given a causal graph with unknown causal inference distributions, in each round we choose a subset of variables to intervene or do no intervention,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Nuoya Xiong , Wei Chen
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