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State-of-the-art computer vision systems are trained to predict a fixed set of predetermined object categories. This restricted form of supervision limits their generality and usability since additional labeled data is needed to specify any…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Alec Radford , Jong Wook Kim , Chris Hallacy , Aditya Ramesh , Gabriel Goh , Sandhini Agarwal , Girish Sastry , Amanda Askell , Pamela Mishkin , Jack Clark , Gretchen Krueger , Ilya Sutskever

This paper proposes a novel unsupervised autoregressive neural model for learning generic speech representations. In contrast to other speech representation learning methods that aim to remove noise or speaker variabilities, ours is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Yu-An Chung , Wei-Ning Hsu , Hao Tang , James Glass

In the same way that generative models today conduct most of their training in a self-supervised fashion, how can agentic models conduct their training in a self-supervised fashion, interactively exploring, learning, and preparing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Kathryn Wantlin , Chongyi Zheng , Benjamin Eysenbach

Contrastive language-audio pretraining (CLAP) has achieved notable success in learning semantically rich audio representations and is widely adopted for various audio-related tasks. However, current CLAP models face several key limitations.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Xinhao Mei , Gael Le Lan , Haohe Liu , Zhaoheng Ni , Varun Nagaraja , Yang Liu , Yangyang Shi , Vikas Chandra

Recent progress in self-supervised or unsupervised machine learning has opened the possibility of building a full speech processing system from raw audio without using any textual representations or expert labels such as phonemes,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Ewan Dunbar , Nicolas Hamilakis , Emmanuel Dupoux

Few-shot learning has emerged as a powerful paradigm for training models with limited labeled data, addressing challenges in scenarios where large-scale annotation is impractical. While extensive research has been conducted in the image…

Current state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition systems are trained to work in specific `domains', defined based on factors like application, sampling rate and codec. When such recognizers are used in conditions that do not match the…

Contrastive language-audio pretraining (CLAP) has recently emerged as a method for making audio analysis more generalisable. Specifically, CLAP-style models are able to `answer' a diverse set of language queries, extending the capabilities…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Xin Jing , Andreas Triantafyllopoulos , Björn Schuller

Human voice encodes both identity and paralinguistic cues, yet encoders in large audio-language models (LALMs) rarely balance both aspects. In this work, we present a study toward building a general-purpose voice encoder that captures…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-20 Mingyue Huo , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Yiwen Shao , Hao Zhang , Dong Yu

Communicating in natural language is a powerful tool in multi-agent settings, as it enables independent agents to share information in partially observable settings and allows zero-shot coordination with humans. However, most prior works…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Bidipta Sarkar , Warren Xia , C. Karen Liu , Dorsa Sadigh

Conformers have shown great results in speech processing due to their ability to capture both local and global interactions. In this work, we utilize a self-supervised contrastive learning framework to train conformer-based encoders that…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Kemal Altwlkany , Elmedin Selmanovic , Sead Delalic

This paper investigates three crucial yet underexplored aspects of the generalization capabilities of neural audio codecs (NACs): (i) whether NACs can generalize to unseen languages during pre-training, (ii) whether speech-only pre-trained…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shih-Heng Wang , Jiatong Shi , Jinchuan Tian , Haibin Wu , Shinji Watanabe

Self-supervision is one of the hallmarks of representation learning in the increasingly popular suite of foundation models including large language models such as BERT and GPT-3, but it has not been pursued in the context of multivariate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Xiao Shou , Dharmashankar Subramanian , Debarun Bhattacharjya , Tian Gao , Kristin P. Bennet

The encoder-decoder models for unsupervised sentence representation learning tend to discard the decoder after being trained on a large unlabelled corpus, since only the encoder is needed to map the input sentence into a vector…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Shuai Tang , Virginia R. de Sa

Multi-modal generative AI systems, such as those combining vision and language, rely on contrastive pre-training to learn representations across different modalities. While their practical benefits are widely acknowledged, a rigorous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Kazusato Oko , Licong Lin , Yuhang Cai , Song Mei

Today, there have been many achievements in learning the association between voice and face. However, most previous work models rely on cosine similarity or L2 distance to evaluate the likeness of voices and faces following contrastive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Chong Peng , Liqiang He , Dan Su

Learning code representations has been the core prerequisite of many software engineering tasks such as code clone detection and code generation. State-of-the-art program representation techniques mainly utilize pre-trained language models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Nan Cui , Xiaodong Gu , Beijun Shen

In this study, we introduce a novel cross-modal retrieval task involving speaker descriptions and their corresponding audio samples. Utilizing pre-trained speaker and text encoders, we present a simple learning framework based on…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Xuechen Liu , Xin Wang , Erica Cooper , Xiaoxiao Miao , Junichi Yamagishi

Recently, cycle-consistent adversarial network (Cycle-GAN) has been successfully applied to voice conversion to a different speaker without parallel data, although in those approaches an individual model is needed for each target speaker.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-06-26 Ju-chieh Chou , Cheng-chieh Yeh , Hung-yi Lee , Lin-shan Lee

Accurate classification of articulatory-phonological features plays a vital role in understanding human speech production and developing robust speech technologies, particularly in clinical contexts where targeted phonemic analysis and…