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Astronomical surveys have identified numerous exoplanets with bulk compositions that are unlike the planets of the Solar System, including rocky super-Earths and gas-enveloped sub-Neptunes. Observing the atmospheres of these objects…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-13 Tim Lichtenberg , Oliver Shorttle , Johanna Teske , Eliza M. -R. Kempton

This paper is to introduce an online tool for the prediction of exoplanet transit light curves. Small telescopes can readily capture exoplanet transits under good weather conditions when the combination of a bright star and a large…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-26 Peter Beck , Luke Robson , Mark Gallaway , Hugh R. A. Jones , David Campbell

I review the major open science questions in exoplanet atmospheres. These are mainly focused in the areas of understanding atmospheric physics, the atmosphere as a window into other realms of planetary physics, and the atmosphere is a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-09 Jonathan J. Fortney

JWST observations of the secondary eclipse of TRAPPIST-1 b at 12.8 and 15 microns revealed a very bright dayside. These measurements are consistent with an absence of atmosphere. Previous 1D atmospheric modeling also excludes -- at first…

The direct characterization of exoplanetary systems with high contrast imaging is among the highest priorities for the broader exoplanet community. As large space missions will be necessary for detecting and characterizing exo-Earth twins,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-28 Sasha Hinkley , Aarynn L. Carter , Shrishmoy Ray , Andrew Skemer , Beth Biller , Elodie Choquet , Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer , Stephanie Sallum , Brittany Miles , Niall Whiteford , Polychronis Patapis , Marshall D. Perrin , Laurent Pueyo , Glenn Schneider , Karl Stapelfeldt , Jason Wang , Kimberly Ward-Duong , Brendan P. Bowler , Anthony Boccaletti , Julien H. Girard , Dean Hines , Paul Kalas , Jens Kammerer , Pierre Kervella , Jarron Leisenring , Eric Pantin , Yifan Zhou , Michael Meyer , Michael C. Liu , Mickael Bonnefoy , Thayne Currie , Michael McElwain , Stanimir Metchev , Mark Wyatt , Olivier Absil , Jea Adams , Travis Barman , Isabelle Baraffe , Mariangela Bonavita , Mark Booth , Marta Bryan , Gael Chauvin , Christine Chen , Camilla Danielski , Matthew De Furio , Samuel M. Factor , Jonathan J. Fortney , Carol Grady , Alexandra Greenbaum , Thomas Henning , Markus Janson , Grant Kennedy , Matthew Kenworthy , Adam Kraus , Masayuki Kuzuhara , Pierre-Olivier Lagage , Anne-Marie Lagrange , Ralf Launhardt , Cecilia Lazzoni , James Lloyd , Sebastian Marino , Mark Marley , Raquel Martinez , Christian Marois , Brenda Matthews , Elisabeth C. Matthews , Dimitri Mawet , Mark Phillips , Simon Petrus , Sascha P. Quanz , Andreas Quirrenbach , Julien Rameau , Isabel Rebollido , Emily Rickman , Matthias Samland , B. Sargent , Joshua E. Schlieder , Anand Sivaramakrishnan , Jordan M. Stone , Motohide Tamura , Pascal Tremblin , Taichi Uyama , Malavika Vasist , Arthur Vigan , Kevin Wagner , Marie Ygouf

Observing exoplanets through transmission spectroscopy supplies detailed information on their atmospheric composition, physics, and chemistry. Prior to JWST, these observations were limited to a narrow wavelength range across the…

We are on the verge of characterizing the atmospheres of terrestrial exoplanets in the habitable zones of M dwarf stars. Due to their large planet-to-star radius ratios and higher frequency of transits, terrestrial exoplanets orbiting M…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-05 Thaddeus D. Komacek , Thomas J. Fauchez , Eric T. Wolf , Dorian S. Abbot

The population of short-period giant exoplanets around M-dwarf stars is slowly rising. These planets present an extraordinary opportunity for atmospheric characterisation and defy our current understanding of planetary formation.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-23 Lucas Teinturier , Elsa Ducrot , Benjamin Charnay

With the development of ever-improving telescopes capable of observing exoplanet atmospheres in greater detail and number, there is a growing demand for enhanced 3D climate models to support and help interpret observational data from space…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-15 Alexander Plaschzug , Amit Reza , Ludmila Carone , Sebastian Gernjak , Christiane Helling

A key goal of exoplanet spectroscopy is to measure atmospheric properties, such as abundances of chemical species, in order to connect them to our understanding of atmospheric physics and planet formation. In this new era of high-quality…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-18 Matthew C. Nixon , Luis Welbanks , Peter McGill , Eliza M. -R. Kempton

Over the last decade, precise exoplanet transmission spectroscopy has revealed the atmospheres of dozens of exoplanets, driven largely by observatories like the Hubble Space Telescope. One major discovery has been the ubiquity of…

Exoplanetary science is on the verge of an unprecedented revolution. The thousands of exoplanets discovered over the past decade have most recently been supplemented by discoveries of potentially habitable planets around nearby low-mass…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-11 Nikku Madhusudhan

As the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) came online last summer, we entered a new era of astronomy. This new era is supported by data products of unprecedented information content that require novel reduction and analysis techniques.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-28 Prajwal Niraula , Julien de Wit , Iouli E. Gordon , Robert J. Hargreaves , Clara Sousa-Silva

We provide an example of an analysis to explore the optimization of observations of transiting hot jupiters with JWST to characterize their atmospheres, based on a simple three-parameter forward model. We construct expansive forward model…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-25 Alex R. Howe , Adam Burrows , Drake Deming

Given the renewed scientific interest in lunar exploration missions, complete understanding of lunar near surface environment and its exosphere under different conditions is of paramount importance. Lunar exosphere has been extensively…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-01-28 Anil Raghav , Ankush Bhaskar , Virendra Yadav , Nitinkumar Bijewar , Chintamani Pai , Vaibhav Rawoot

Over the last decade, exoplanetary transmission spectra have yielded an unprecedented understanding about the physical and chemical nature of planets outside our solar system. Physical and chemical knowledge is mainly extracted via fitting…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-02 Luis Welbanks , Peter McGill , Michael Line , Nikku Madhusudhan

Transmission spectroscopy is the most widely used technique for studying exoplanet atmospheres. Since the planetary nightside faces the observer during a transit, highly irradiated giant exoplanets with warm nightsides emit thermal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-16 John A. Kappelmeier , Ryan J. MacDonald , Nikole K. Lewis

Most rocky planets in the galaxy orbit a cool host star, and there is large uncertainty among theoretical models whether these planets can retain an atmosphere. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) might be able to settle this question…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Daniel D. B. Koll , Matej Malik , Megan Mansfield , Eliza M. -R. Kempton , Edwin Kite , Dorian Abbot , Jacob L. Bean

Hot giant exoplanets are very exotic objects with no equivalent in the Solar System that allow us to study the behavior of atmospheres under extreme conditions. Their thermal and chemical day--night dichotomies associated with extreme wind…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-31 William Pluriel

An exoplanet-exomoon system presents a superposition of phase curves to observers - the dominant component varies according to the planetary period, and the lesser varies according to both the planetary and the lunar period. If the spectra…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-28 Duncan H. Forgan