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What is the maximum possible strength of a first-order electroweak phase transition and the resulting gravitational wave (GW) signal? While naively one might expect that supercooling could increase the strength of the transition to very…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-08-12 John Ellis , Marek Lewicki , José Miguel No

We extend analytic formulas for the gravitational-wave (GW) spectrum from first-order phase transitions to include cosmic expansion under the thin-wall and envelope approximations. We demonstrate that even for strongly supercooled…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-23 Masaki Yamada

We investigate the properties of a stochastic gravitational wave background produced by a first-order electroweak phase transition in the regime of extreme supercooling. We study a scenario whereby the percolation temperature that signifies…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-11-09 Archil Kobakhidze , Cyril Lagger , Adrian Manning , Jason Yue

Motivated by the recent evidence of a stochastic gravitational wave background found by pulsar timing array experiments, we focus on one of the prime cosmological explanations, i.e. a supercooled first order phase transition. If confirmed,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-04 S. Pascoli , S. Rosauro-Alcaraz , M. Zandi

We study production of gravitational waves (GWs) in strongly supercooled cosmological phase transitions in gauge theories. We extract from two-bubble lattice simulations the scaling of the GW source, and use it in many-bubble simulations in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-18 Marek Lewicki , Ville Vaskonen

We update predictions for the gravitational wave (GW) signal from a strongly supercooled phase transition in an illustrative classically conformal U(1)$_{B-L}$ model. We implement $\propto \gamma^2$ scaling of the friction on the bubble…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-25 John Ellis , Marek Lewicki , Ville Vaskonen

We investigate rarely explored details of supercooled cosmological first-order phase transitions at the electroweak scale, which may lead to strong gravitational wave signals or explain the cosmic baryon asymmetry. The nucleation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-26 Peter Athron , Csaba Balázs , Lachlan Morris

We study gravitational wave (GW) production in strongly supercooled cosmological phase transitions, taking particular care of models featuring a complex scalar field with a U$(1)$ symmetric potential. We perform lattice simulations of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-28 Marek Lewicki , Ville Vaskonen

We compute the gravitational wave spectra from strongly supercooled first-order phase transitions, explicitly incorporating the evolution of the background metric across the transition from thermal inflation to radiation domination. We find…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-20 Marek Lewicki , Ville Vaskonen

Models of particle physics that feature phase transitions typically provide predictions for stochastic gravitational wave signals at future detectors and such predictions are used to delineate portions of the model parameter space that can…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-07-13 Huai-Ke Guo , Kuver Sinha , Daniel Vagie , Graham White

First-order phase transitions exist in many models beyond the Standard Model and can generate detectable stochastic gravitational waves for a strong one. Using the cosmological observables in big bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-05-25 Yang Bai , Mrunal Korwar

We report on the first 3-dimensional numerical simulations of first-order phase transitions in the early universe to include the cosmic fluid as well as the scalar field order parameter. We calculate the gravitational wave (GW) spectrum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-01-30 Mark Hindmarsh , Stephan J. Huber , Kari Rummukainen , David J. Weir

Different computational techniques for cosmological phase transition parameters can impact the Gravitational Wave (GW) spectra predicted in a given particle physics model. To scrutinize the importance of this effect, we perform large-scale…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-24 Marek Lewicki , Marco Merchand , Laura Sagunski , Philipp Schicho , Daniel Schmitt

Phase transition dynamics may play important roles in the evolution history of the early universe, such as its possible roles in electroweak baryogenesis and dark matter.We systematically discuss and clarify the important details of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-05-28 Xiao Wang , Fa Peng Huang , Xinmin Zhang

We study the dynamics of the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) phase transition for the QCD axion. In weakly coupled models the transition is typically second order except in the region of parameters where the PQ symmetry is broken through the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-03-24 Luigi Delle Rose , Giuliano Panico , Michele Redi , Andrea Tesi

We show that quantum fluctuations of an expanding phase transition bubble give rise to gravitational wave (GW) emission, even when considering a single bubble, without bubble collisions or plasma effects. The ratio of GW energy to the total…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-03 Kfir Blum , Mehrdad Mirbabayi

Cosmological first-order phase transitions are a well-motivated source of stochastic gravitational waves (GWs), but most predictions are made based on the highly idealized model of perfectly spherical vacuum bubbles, neglecting thermal…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-23 Ligong Bian , Guangshang Chen , Song Li , Hongxin Wang , Yang Xiao , Jin Min Yang , Yang Zhang

We initiate a study of the gravitational-wave signatures of a phase transition that occurs as the Universe's temperature increases during reheating. The gravitational-wave signatures of such a heating phase transition are different from…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-10-04 Manuel A. Buen-Abad , Jae Hyeok Chang , Anson Hook

We uncover a new gravitational-wave production mechanism in cosmological, first-order, thermal phase transitions. These are usually assumed to proceed via the nucleation of bubbles of the stable phase inside the metastable phase. However,…

We investigate thoroughly the temporal evolution of the universe temperature as a function of the Hubble parameter associated with the Stochastic Gravitational Wave (SGW), that formed at the cosmological QCD phase transition epoch to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-20 Mohamed Moussa , Homa Shababi , Anisur Rahaman , Ujjal Kumar Dey
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