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The soaring energy demands of large-scale software ecosystems and cloud data centers, accelerated by the intensive training and deployment of large language models, have driven energy consumption and carbon footprint to unprecedented…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jialin Yang , Zainab Saad , Jiajun Wu , Xiaoguang Niu , Henry Leung , Steve Drew

The energy consumption of deep learning models is increasing at a breathtaking rate, which raises concerns due to potential negative effects on carbon neutrality in the context of global warming and climate change. With the progress of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Bo Li , Xinyang Jiang , Donglin Bai , Yuge Zhang , Ningxin Zheng , Xuanyi Dong , Lu Liu , Yuqing Yang , Dongsheng Li

The ICT industry today is placed as one of the major consumers of energy, where recent reports have also shown that the industry is a major contributor to global carbon emissions. While renewable energy-aware data centers have been…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-12-22 Julien Mineraud , Liang Wang , Sasitharan Balasubramaniam , Jussi Kangasharju

Ubiquitous computing helps make data and services available to users anytime and anywhere. This makes the cooperation of devices a crucial need. In return, such cooperation causes an overload of the devices and/or networks, resulting in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Khaled Sellami , Lynda Sellami , Pierre F Tiako

The SPEC Power benchmark offers valuable insights into the energy efficiency of server systems, allowing comparisons across various hardware and software configurations. Benchmark results are publicly available for hundreds of systems from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Hannes Tröpgen , Robert Schöne , Thomas Ilsche , Daniel Hackenberg

This study assesses air quality (AQ) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the rapid expansion of data centers in Texas, a major hub due to infrastructure, electricity markets, and business conditions. AQ impacts were separated from GHG…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-26 Ebrahim Eslami

Computing accelerators must significantly improve at least one metric such as: cost, speed, or efficiency for customers to find them useful. They must do this for at least one application that large numbers of users care about to become a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-04 James T. Meech

In particular, large-scale deep learning and artificial intelligence model training uses a lot of computational power and energy, so it poses serious sustainability issues. The fast rise in model complexity has resulted in exponential…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yashasvi Makin , Rahul Maliakkal

CO2 emissions from power plants, as significant super emitters, contribute substantially to global warming. Accurate quantification of these emissions is crucial for effective climate mitigation strategies. While satellite-based plume…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Dibyabha Deb , Kamal Das

The growing electricity demand of cloud and edge computing increases operational costs and will soon have a considerable impact on the environment. A possible countermeasure is equipping IT infrastructure directly with on-site renewable…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Philipp Wiesner , Dominik Scheinert , Thorsten Wittkopp , Lauritz Thamsen , Odej Kao

Cloud computing recently developed into a viable alternative to on-premises systems for executing high-performance computing (HPC) applications. With the emergence of new vendors and hardware options, there is now a growing need to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Mohammad Mohammadi , Timur Bazhirov

Despite the promising benefits that ride-sharing offers, there has been a lack of research on the benefits of high-capacity ride-sharing services. Prior research has also overlooked the relationship between traffic volume and the degree of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-28 Wang Chen , Jintao Ke , Xiqun Chen

An increasing amount of data is being injected into the network from IoT (Internet of Things) applications. Many of these applications, developed to improve society's quality of life, are latency-critical and inject large amounts of data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Patricia Arroba , Rajkumar Buyya , Román Cárdenas , José L. Risco-Martín , José M. Moya

Barroso's seminal contributions in energy-proportional warehouse-scale computing launched an era where modern datacenters have become more energy efficient and cost effective than ever before. At the same time, modern AI applications have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Carole-Jean Wu , Bilge Acun , Ramya Raghavendra , Kim Hazelwood

The environmental impact of Large Language Models (LLMs) on data centers hosting these models is becoming a significant concern. While many efforts have focused on reducing the substantial training overhead of LLMs, carbon and water…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Arash Khalatbarisoltani , Amin Mahmoudi , Jie Han , Muhammad Saeed , Wenxue Liu , Jinwen Li , Solmaz Kahourzade , Amirmehdi Yazdani , Xiaosong Hu

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has achieved significant advancements in technology and research with the development over several decades, and is widely used in many areas including computing vision, natural language processing, time-series…

By providing unprecedented access to computational resources, cloud computing has enabled rapid growth in technologies such as machine learning, the computational demands of which incur a high energy cost and a commensurate carbon…

In this paper we outline the results of a project to evaluate the total climate/carbon impact of a digital research infrastructure for a defined snapshot period. We outline the carbon model used to calculate the impact and the data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Adrian Jackson , Jon Hays , Alex Owen , Nicholas Walton , Alison Packer , Anish Mudaraddi

Mobile networks are becoming energy hungry, and this trend is expected to continue due to a surge in communication and computation demand. Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC), will entail energy-consuming services and applications, with…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Neda Shalavi , Giovanni Perin , Andrea Zanella , Michele Rossi

The significant carbon footprint of the ICT sector calls for methodologies to contain carbon emissions of running software. This article proposes a novel framework for implementing, configuring and assessing carbon-aware interactive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Stefano Forti , Jacopo Soldani , Antonio Brogi