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Code-switching (CS) is the process of speakers interchanging between two or more languages which in the modern world becomes increasingly common. In order to better describe CS speech the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) theory introduces the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Olga Iakovenko , Thomas Hain

Modern NLP applications have enjoyed a great boost utilizing neural networks models. Such deep neural models, however, are not applicable to most human languages due to the lack of annotated training data for various NLP tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Xilun Chen , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah , Hany Hassan , Wei Wang , Claire Cardie

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance on a range of NLP tasks, due to the general-purpose linguistic knowledge acquired during pretraining. Existing model interpretability research (Tenney et al., 2019) suggests that a…

Modern LLMs continue to exhibit significant variance in behavior across languages, such as being able to recall factual information in some languages but not others. While typically studied as a problem to be mitigated, in this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Lucas Bandarkar , Alan Ansell , Trevor Cohn

Being a popular mode of text-based communication in multilingual communities, code-mixing in online social media has became an important subject to study. Learning the semantics and morphology of code-mixed language remains a key challenge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Ayan Sengupta , Tharun Suresh , Md Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Machine transliteration is the process of automatically transforming the script of a word from a source language to a target language, while preserving pronunciation. Sequence to sequence learning has recently emerged as a new paradigm in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-15 Amir H. Jadidinejad

Recently, language models (LMs), especially large language models (LLMs), have revolutionized the field of deep learning. Both encoder-decoder models and prompt-based techniques have shown immense potential for natural language processing…

We introduce COMI-LINGUA, the largest manually annotated Hindi-English code-mixed dataset, comprising 125K+ high-quality instances across five core NLP tasks: Matrix Language Identification, Token-level Language Identification,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Rajvee Sheth , Himanshu Beniwal , Mayank Singh

One of the most popular downstream tasks in the field of Natural Language Processing is text classification. Text classification tasks have become more daunting when the texts are code-mixed. Though they are not exposed to such text during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Md Nishat Raihan , Dhiman Goswami , Antara Mahmud

In this work, we present a simple and elegant approach to language modeling for bilingual code-switched text. Since code-switching is a blend of two or more different languages, a standard bilingual language model can be improved upon by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Saurabh Garg , Tanmay Parekh , Preethi Jyothi

Code-Switching (CSW) is a common phenomenon that occurs in multilingual geographic or social contexts, which raises challenging problems for natural language processing tools. We focus here on Machine Translation (MT) of CSW texts, where we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Jitao Xu , François Yvon

Cross-lingual cross-modal retrieval has garnered increasing attention recently, which aims to achieve the alignment between vision and target language (V-T) without using any annotated V-T data pairs. Current methods employ machine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Yabing Wang , Fan Wang , Jianfeng Dong , Hao Luo

Although fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) with multilingual data can rapidly enhance the multilingual capabilities of LLMs, they still exhibit a performance gap between the dominant language (e.g., English) and non-dominant ones due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Hengyuan Zhang , Chenming Shang , Sizhe Wang , Dongdong Zhang , Yiyao Yu , Feng Yao , Renliang Sun , Yujiu Yang , Furu Wei

In-context learning enables language models (LM) to adapt to downstream data or tasks by incorporating few samples as demonstrations within the prompts. It offers strong performance without the expense of fine-tuning. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jian Gu , Aldeida Aleti , Chunyang Chen , Hongyu Zhang

In order to preserve word-order information in a non-autoregressive setting, transformer architectures tend to include positional knowledge, by (for instance) adding positional encodings to token embeddings. Several modifications have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Vinit Ravishankar , Anders Søgaard

In this paper, we reformulated the spell correction problem as a machine translation task under the encoder-decoder framework. This reformulation enabled us to use a single model for solving the problem that is traditionally formulated as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Yingbo Zhou , Utkarsh Porwal , Roberto Konow

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit significant disparities in performance across languages, primarily benefiting high-resource languages while marginalizing underrepresented ones. Continual Pretraining (CPT) has emerged as a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zihao Li , Shaoxiong Ji , Hengyu Luo , Jörg Tiedemann

Medical vision-and-language pre-training (Med-VLP) has received considerable attention owing to its applicability to extracting generic vision-and-language representations from medical images and texts. Most existing methods mainly contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Zhihong Chen , Guanbin Li , Xiang Wan

Code-mixed discourse combines multiple languages in a single text. It is commonly used in informal discourse in countries with several official languages, but also in many other countries in combination with English or neighboring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Anjali Yadav , Tanya Garg , Matej Klemen , Matej Ulcar , Basant Agarwal , Marko Robnik Sikonja

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in English, but their performance degrades significantly on low-resource languages (LRLs) due to English-centric training. While methods like LangBridge align LLMs with multilingual encoders such as the…