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As quantum circuits increase in size, it is critical to establish scalable multiqubit fidelity metrics. Here we investigate three-qubit randomized benchmarking (RB) with fixed-frequency transmon qubits coupled to a common bus with pairwise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-30 David C. McKay , Sarah Sheldon , John A. Smolin , Jerry M. Chow , Jay M. Gambetta

Randomized benchmarking (RB) refers to a collection of protocols that in the past decade have become central methods for characterizing quantum gates. These protocols aim at efficiently estimating the quality of a set of quantum gates in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-20 Jonas Helsen , Ingo Roth , Emilio Onorati , Albert H. Werner , Jens Eisert

With the development of controllable quantum systems, fast and practical characterization for multi-qubit gates is essential for building high-fidelity quantum computing devices. The usual way to fulfill this requirement via randomized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Yihong Zhang , Wenjun Yu , Pei Zeng , Guoding Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

Group twirling is crucial in quantum information processing, particularly in randomized benchmarking and random compiling. While protocols based on Pauli twirling have been effectively crafted to transform arbitrary noise channels into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Guoding Liu , Ziyi Xie , Zitai Xu , Xiongfeng Ma

Estimating the features of noise is the first step in a chain of protocols that will someday lead to fault tolerant quantum computers. The randomized benchmarking (RB) protocol is designed with this exact mindset, estimating the average…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Pedro Figueroa-Romero , Kavan Modi , Thomas M. Stace , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

We investigate randomized benchmarking in a general setting with quantum gates that form a representation, not necessarily an irreducible one, of a finite group. We derive an estimate for the average fidelity, to which experimental data may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Daniel Stilck França , Anna-Lena Hashagen

Randomized benchmarking and variants thereof, which we collectively call RB+, are widely used to characterize the performance of quantum computers because they are simple, scalable, and robust to state-preparation and measurement errors.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Robin Harper , Ian Hincks , Chris Ferrie , Steven T. Flammia , Joel J. Wallman

We construct a gate and time-independent noise model that results in the output of a logical randomized benchmarking protocol oscillating rather than decaying exponentially. To illustrate our idea, we first construct an example in standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-13 Athena Ceasura , Pavithran Iyer , Joel J. Wallman , Hakop Pashayan

The goal of benchmarking is to determine how far the output of a noisy system is from its ideal behavior; this becomes exceedingly difficult for large quantum systems where classical simulations become intractable. A common approach is to…

We present a protocol for Interleaved Randomized Benchmarking of arbitrary quantum gates using Monte Carlo sampling of quantum states. It is generally applicable, including non-Clifford gates while preserving key advantages of Randomized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-11 Tobias Chasseur , Daniel M. Reich , Christiane P. Koch , Frank K. Wilhelm

In randomized benchmarking of quantum logical gates, partial twirling can be used for simpler implementation, better scaling, and higher accuracy and reliability. For instance, for two-qubit gates, single-qubit twirling is easier to realize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-22 Kirill Dubovitskii , Yuriy Makhlin

It is important for performance studies in quantum technologies to analyze quantum circuits in the presence of noise. We introduce an error probability tensor, a tool to track generalized Pauli error statistics of qudits within quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-21 Daniel Miller , Timo Holz , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

We demonstrate a new technique that adapts single-qubit randomized benchmarking to two-qubit M{\o}lmer-S{\o}rensen gates. We use the controllable gate phase to generate Cliffords that act on a two-state subspace, enabling benchmarking of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 R. T. Sutherland , A. C. Hughes , J. P. Marceaux , H. M. Knaack , C. M. Löschnauer , R. Srinivas

Characterising quantum processes is a key task in and constitutes a challenge for the development of quantum technologies, especially at the noisy intermediate scale of today's devices. One method for characterising processes is randomised…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-31 Ingo Roth , Richard Kueng , Shelby Kimmel , Yi-Kai Liu , David Gross , Jens Eisert , Martin Kliesch

Errors are common issues in quantum computing platforms, among which leakage is one of the most challenging to address. This is because leakage, i.e., the loss of information stored in the computational subspace to undesired subspaces in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-19 Bujiao Wu , Xiaoyang Wang , Xiao Yuan , Cupjin Huang , Jianxin Chen

Variational quantum algorithms are considered to be appealing applications of near-term quantum computers. However, it has been unclear whether they can outperform classical algorithms or not. To reveal their limitations, we must seek a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-15 Kosuke Mitarai , Yasunari Suzuki , Wataru Mizukami , Yuya O. Nakagawa , Keisuke Fujii

Hardware efficient transpilation of quantum circuits to a quantum devices native gateset is essential for the execution of quantum algorithms on noisy quantum computers. Typical quantum devices utilize a gateset with a single two-qubit…

With improved gate calibrations reducing unitary errors, we achieve a benchmarked single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.95% with superconducting qubits in a circuit quantum electrodynamics system. We present a method for distinguishing between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-13 Sarah Sheldon , Lev S. Bishop , Easwar Magesan , Stefan Filipp , Jerry M. Chow , Jay M. Gambetta

We introduce a scheme to characterise a qudit T gate that has different noise than a set of Clifford gates. We developed our scheme through representation theory and ring theory to generalise non-Clifford interleaved benchmarking to qudit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 David Amaro-Alcalá , Barry C. Sanders , Hubert de Guise

The conventional circuit paradigm, utilizing a limited number of gates to construct arbitrary quantum circuits, is hindered by significant noise overhead. For instance, the standard gate paradigm employs two CNOT gates for the partial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-04 Jader P. Santos , Ben Bar , Raam Uzdin