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Techniques based on Reinforcement Learning (RL) are increasingly being used to design control policies for robotic systems. RL fundamentally relies on state-based reward functions to encode desired behavior of the robot and bad reward…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Parv Kapoor , Anand Balakrishnan , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh

We propose a policy search approach to learn controllers from specifications given as Signal Temporal Logic (STL) formulae. The system model, which is unknown but assumed to be an affine control system, is learned together with the control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-07 Wenliang Liu , Mirai Nishioka , Calin Belta

We investigate how formal temporal logic specifications can enhance the safety and robustness of reinforcement learning (RL) control in aerospace applications. Using the open source AeroBench F-16 simulation benchmark, we train a Proximal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hani Beirami , M M Manjurul Islam

In this paper, a method for learning a recurrent neural network (RNN) controller that maximizes the robustness of signal temporal logic (STL) specifications is presented. In contrast to previous methods, we consider synthesizing the RNN…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-20 Wataru Hashimoto , Kazumune Hashimoto , Shigemasa Takai

This paper investigates the problem of designing control policies that satisfy high-level specifications described by signal temporal logic (STL) in unknown, stochastic environments. While many existing works concentrate on optimizing the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-16 Siqi Wang , Shaoyuan Li , Li Yin , Xiang Yin

Signal temporal logic (STL) is a powerful tool for describing complex behaviors for dynamical systems. Among many approaches, the control problem for systems under STL task constraints is well suited for learning-based solutions, because…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-16 Peter Varnai , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise in various robotics applications, yet its deployment on real systems is still limited due to safety and operational constraints. The safe RL field has gained considerable attention in recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Sadık Bera Yüksel , Ali Tevfik Buyukkocak , Derya Aksaray

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a powerful framework for describing the complex temporal and logical behaviour of the dynamical system. Numerous studies have attempted to employ reinforcement learning to learn a controller that enforces STL…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-05 Naman Saxena , Gorantla Sandeep , Pushpak Jagtap

We propose a framework based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) to determine an optimal control strategy for a discrete-time system that is required to satisfy specifications given as Signal Temporal Logic (STL) formulae. RNNs can store…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-25 Wenliang Liu , Noushin Mehdipour , Calin Belta

Reinforcement learning has been applied to many interesting problems such as the famous TD-gammon and the inverted helicopter flight. However, little effort has been put into developing methods to learn policies for complex persistent tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Xiao Li , Calin Belta

Autonomous robotic systems require advanced control frameworks to achieve complex temporal objectives that extend beyond conventional stability and trajectory tracking. Signal Temporal Logic (STL) provides a formal framework for specifying…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Kazunobu Serizawa , Kazumune Hashimoto , Wataru Hashimoto , Masako Kishida , Shigemasa Takai

Signal temporal logic (STL) provides a user-friendly interface for defining complex tasks for robotic systems. Recent efforts aim at designing control laws or using reinforcement learning methods to find policies which guarantee…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Peter Varnai , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

We present a novel method for imitation learning for control requirements expressed using Signal Temporal Logic (STL). More concretely we focus on the problem of training a neural network to imitate a complex controller. The learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Thao Dang , Alexandre Donzé , Inzemamul Haque , Nikolaos Kekatos , Indranil Saha

There are spatio-temporal rules that dictate how robots should operate in complex environments, e.g., road rules govern how (self-driving) vehicles should behave on the road. However, seamlessly incorporating such rules into a robot control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Karen Leung , Marco Pavone

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is an efficient technique for describing temporal constraints. It can play a significant role in robotic manipulation, for example, to optimize the robot performance according to task-dependent metrics. In this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Akshay Dhonthi , Philipp Schillinger , Leonel Rozo , Daniele Nardi

In this paper, we propose a control synthesis method for signal temporal logic (STL) specifications with neural networks (NNs). Most of the previous works consider training a controller for only a given STL specification. These approaches,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-13 Wataru Hashimoto , Kazumune Hashimoto , Masako Kishida , Shigemasa Takai

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has the potential to be used for synthesizing feedback controllers (agents) for various complex systems with unknown dynamics. These systems are expected to satisfy diverse safety and liveness properties…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Nikhil Kumar Singh , Indranil Saha

Multi-task learning (MTL) seeks to improve the generalized performance of learning specific tasks, exploiting useful information incorporated in related tasks. As a promising area, this paper studies an MTL-based control approach…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-01 Andres Arias , Chuangchuang Sun

Reward design is a key component of deep reinforcement learning, yet some tasks and designer's objectives may be unnatural to define as a scalar cost function. Among the various techniques, formal methods integrated with DRL have garnered…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jiangwei Wang , Shuo Yang , Ziyan An , Songyang Han , Zhili Zhang , Rahul Mangharam , Meiyi Ma , Fei Miao

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) provides a powerful framework to describe complex tasks involving temporal and logical behavior in dynamical systems. This work addresses controller synthesis for continuous-time systems subject to STL…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Vaishnavi Jagabathula , Pushpak Jagtap
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