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Ionization balance in the intergalactic medium (IGM) is central to the interpretation of quasar absorption spectra, linking observed ionic columns to the underlying gas density, temperature, metallicity, and ionizing radiation field.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-17 Bhaskar Arya , Kartick C. Sarkar , Shiv K. Sethi

Unraveling the multi-phase structure of the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) as traced by neutral hydrogen (HI) is essential to understanding the lifecycle of the Milky Way. However, HI phase separation is a challenging and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-16 Minjie Lei , S. E. Clark , Rudy Morel , E. Allys , Iryna S. Butsky , Caleb Redshaw , Drummond B. Fielding

Line intensity mapping (LIM) is a promising approach to study star formation and the interstellar medium (ISM) in galaxies by measuring the aggregate line emission from the entire galaxy population. In this work, we develop a simple yet…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-01-08 Guochao Sun , Brandon S. Hensley , Tzu-Ching Chang , Olivier Doré , Paolo Serra

Faraday tomography of radio polarimetric data below 200 MHz from LOFAR are providing us with a new perspective on the diffuse and magnetized interstellar medium (ISM). Of particular interest is the discovery of Faraday-rotated synchrotron…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-07-13 A. Bracco , E. Ntormousi , V. Jelić , M. Padovani , B. Šiljeg , A. Erceg , L. Turić , L. Ceraj , I. Šnidarić

Aims. The comparative study of several molecular species at the origin of the gas phase chemistry in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) is a key input in unraveling the coupled chemical and dynamical evolution of the ISM. Methods. The…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-19 Benjamin Godard , Edith Falgarone , Maryvonne Gerin , Pierre Hily-Blant , Massimo De Luca

The interstellar medium (ISM) consists of highly ionized and neutral atomic, as well as molecular, components. Knowledge of their distribution is important for tracing the structure and lifecycle of the ISM. Here we determine the properties…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-05-25 W. D. Langer , P. F. Goldsmith , J. L. Pineda

We studied the statistical properties of the HI-to-H$_2$ transition observed in absorption in the local diffuse and multiphase ISM to identify the physical processes controlling the probability of occurrence of any line of sight. The…

Aims: We systematically explore a plausible subset of the parameter space involving effective temperatures and metallicities of the ionizing stellar sources, the effects of the hardening of their radiation by surrounding leaky HII regions…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-02-13 J. A. Weber , A. W. A. Pauldrach , T. L. Hoffmann

Galaxy evolution depends strongly on the physics of the interstellar medium (ISM). Motivated by the need to incorporate the properties of the ISM in cosmological simulations we construct a simple method to include the contribution of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Yuval Birnboim , Shmuel Balberg , Romain Teyssier

Using a novel suite of cosmological simulations zooming in on a Mpc-scale intergalactic sheet or "pancake" at z~3-5, we conduct an in-depth study of the thermal properties and HI content of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) at those…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-22 Nir Mandelker , Frank C. van den Bosch , Volker Springel , Freeke van de Voort , Joseph N. Burchett , Iryna S. Butsky , Daisuke Nagai , S. Peng Oh

The cloud-scale density, velocity dispersion, and gravitational boundedness of the interstellar medium (ISM) vary within and among galaxies. In turbulent models, these properties play key roles in the ability of gas to form stars. New high…

In studying the interstellar medium (ISM) and Galactic cosmic rays (CRs), uncertainty of the interstellar gas density has always been an issue. To overcome this difficulty, we used a component decomposition of the 21-cm HI line emission and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-31 T. Mizuno , K. Hayashi , J. Metzger , I. V. Moskalenko , E. Orlando , A. W. Strong , H. Yamamoto

Dust grains in the interstellar medium interact with photons across the electromagnetic spectrum. They are generally photon energy converters, absorbing short wavelength radiation and emitting long wavelength radiation. Sixty years ago in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-19 Yancy L. Shirley , Jeffrey G. Mangum , Desika Narayanan , James Di Francesco

Measurements of the intergalactic medium (IGM) temperature provide a potentially powerful constraint on the reionisation history due to the thermal imprint left by the photo-ionisation of neutral hydrogen. However, until recently IGM…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Sudhir Raskutti , James S. Bolton , J. Stuart B. Wyithe , George D. Becker

We present a new approach to measure the power-law temperature density relationship $T=T_0 (\rho / \bar{\rho})^{\gamma -1}$ and the UV background photoionization rate $\Gamma_{\rm HI}$ of the IGM based on the Voigt profile decomposition of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-18 Teng Hu , Vikram Khaire , Joseph F. Hennawi , Michael Walther , Hector Hiss , Justin Alsing , Jose Oñorbe , Zarija Lukic , Frederick Davies

We present a statistical model of the selection function of cold neutral gas in high-redshift (z~2.5) absorption systems. The model is based on the canonical two-phase model of the neutral gas in the interstellar medium and contains only…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-12-16 Jens-Kristian Krogager , Pasquier Noterdaeme

The role played by the intergalactic medium (IGM) in the X-ray absorption towards high-redshift sources has recently drawn more attention in spectral analysis studies. Here, we study the X-ray absorption towards 15 flat-spectrum radio…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-09-05 R. Arcodia , S. Campana , R. Salvaterra , G. Ghisellini

Intergalactic space is filled with a pervasive medium of ionized gas, the Intergalactic Medium (IGM). A residual neutral fraction is detected in the spectra of Quasi-Stellar Objects at both low and high redshifts, revealing a highly…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-18 Avery A. Meiksin

We present a comparison of the presence and properties of dust in two distinct phases of the Milky Way's interstellar medium: the warm neutral medium (WNM) and the warm ionized medium (WIM). Using distant pulsars at high Galactic latitudes…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-11-17 J. L. West , B. M. Gaensler , M. -A. Miville-Deschênes , N. Mahajan , J. Dechant , F. Boulanger , P. G. Martin , I. A. Zelko

Unveiling the thermal history of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at $4 \leq z \leq 5$ holds the potential to reveal early onset HeII reionization or lingering thermal fluctuations from HI reionization. We set out to reconstruct the IGM gas…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-10 Fahad Nasir , Prakash Gaikwad , Frederick B. Davies , James S. Bolton , Ewald Puchwein , Sarah E. I. Bosman