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A central component of variational quantum algorithms (VQA) is the state-preparation circuit, also known as ansatz or variational form. This circuit is most commonly designed to respect the symmetries of the problem Hamiltonian and, in this…

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have received considerable attention due to their potential for achieving near-term quantum advantage. However, more work is needed to understand their scalability. One known scaling result for VQAs is…

Hybrid variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are promising for solving practical problems such as combinatorial optimization, quantum chemistry simulation, quantum machine learning, and quantum error correction on noisy quantum computers.…

The promise of quantum computing to address complex problems requiring high computational resources has long been hindered by the intrinsic and demanding requirements of quantum hardware development. Nonetheless, the current state of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-10 Daniel F Perez-Ramirez

Modern Cloud/Edge architectures need to orchestrate multiple layers of heterogeneous computing nodes, including pervasive sensors/actuators, distributed Edge/Fog nodes, centralized data centers and quantum devices. The optimal assignment…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-27 Carlo Mastroianni , Francesco Plastina , Jacopo Settino , Andrea Vinci

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms have been proposed to circumvent noise limitations in quantum computers. Such algorithms delegate only a calculation of the expectation value to the quantum computer. Among them, the Variational Quantum…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-11-02 Baptiste Anselme Martin , Pascal Simon , Marko J. Rančić

We study the costs and benefits of different quantum approaches to finding approximate solutions of constrained combinatorial optimization problems with a focus on Maximum Independent Set. In the Lagrange multiplier approach we analyze the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Zain H. Saleem , Teague Tomesh , Bilal Tariq , Martin Suchara

Quantum computing is an emerging topic in engineering that promises to enhance supercomputing using fundamental physics. In the near term, the best candidate algorithms for achieving this advantage are variational quantum algorithms (VQAs).…

With rapid advances in quantum hardware, a central question is whether quantum devices with or without full error correction can outperform classical computers on practically relevant problems. Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Adelina Bärligea , Benedikt Poggel , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

The Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA+) is one of the Variational Quantum Algorithm (VQA) specifically developed to tackle combinatorial optimization problems by exploring the feasible space in search of a target solution. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-12 Sha-Sha Wang , Hai-Ling Liu , Yong-Mei Li , Fei Gao , Su-Juan Qin , Qiao-Yan Wen

In the rapidly advancing domain of quantum optimization, the confluence of quantum algorithms such as Quantum Annealing (QA) and the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) with robust optimization methodologies presents a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Pascal Halffmann , Steve Lenk , Michael Trebing

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have established themselves as a central computational paradigm in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. By coupling parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) with classical optimization, they…

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are hybrid quantum-classical approaches used for tackling a wide range of problems on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Testing these algorithms on relevant hardware is crucial to…

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) provide a promising approach to achieve quantum advantage in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era. In this era, quantum computers experience high error rates and quantum error detection and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Salonik Resch , Anthony Gutierrez , Joon Suk Huh , Srikant Bharadwaj , Yasuko Eckert , Gabriel Loh , Mark Oskin , Swamit Tannu

Determining Hamiltonian ground states and energies is a challenging task with many possible approaches on quantum computers. While variational quantum eigensolvers are popular approaches for near term hardware, adiabatic state preparation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-28 Vladimir Kremenetski , Tad Hogg , Stuart Hadfield , Stephen J. Cotton , Norm M. Tubman

The variational approach is a cornerstone of computational physics, considering both conventional and quantum computing computational platforms. The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm aims to prepare the ground state of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-16 Nikita Astrakhantsev , Guglielmo Mazzola , Ivano Tavernelli , Giuseppe Carleo

Variational Quantum Algorithm (VQA) is a hybrid algorithm for noisy quantum devices. However, statistical fluctuations and physical noise degrade the solution quality, so it is difficult to maintain applicability for large-scale problems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Hiromichi Matsuyama , Yu Yamashiro

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have been considered to be useful applications of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Typically, in the VQAs, a parametrized ansatz circuit is used to generate a trial wave function, and…

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a powerful class of algorithms that is highly suitable for noisy quantum devices. Therefore, investigating their design has become key in quantum computing research. Previous works have…

The variational quantum eigensolver (or VQE) uses the variational principle to compute the ground state energy of a Hamiltonian, a problem that is central to quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics. Conventional computing methods are…