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Behind-the-Meter assets are getting more interconnected to realise new applications like flexible tariffs. Cyber-attacks on the resulting control infrastructure may impact a large number of devices, which can result in severe impact on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Immanuel Hacker , Ömer Sen , Florian Klein-Helmkamp , Andreas Ulbig

As computing power advances, the environmental cost of semiconductor manufacturing and operation has become a critical concern. However, current sustainability metrics fail to quantify carbon emissions at the transistor level, the…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Zag ElSayed , Nelly Elsayed , Ahmed Abdelgawad

The past decade has seen a massive rise in the popularity of AI systems, mainly owing to the developments in Gen AI, which has revolutionized numerous industries and applications. However, this progress comes at a considerable cost to the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shyam Agarwal , Mahasweta Chakraborti

Information and communication technologies (ICT) can make existing products and activities more efficient or substitute them altogether and could thus become crucial for the mitigation of climate change. In this context, individual ICT…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Pernilla Bergmark , Vlad C. Coroamă , Mattias Höjer , Craig Donovan

Embodied carbon footprint modeling has become an area of growing interest due to its significant contribution to carbon emissions in computing. However, the deterministic nature of the existing models fail to account for the spatial and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xuesi Chen , Leo Han , Anvita Bhagavathula , Udit Gupta

This paper presents an analysis of climate policy instruments for the decarbonisation of the global electricity sector in a non-equilibrium economic and technology diffusion perspective. Energy markets are driven by innovation,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2014-11-11 J. F. Mercure , P. Salas , A. Foley , U. Chewpreecha , H. Pollitt , P. B. Holden , N. R. Edwards

The global climate is experiencing a rapid and unprecedented warming trend. The ICT sector is a notable contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, with its environmental impact continuing to expand. Addressing this issue is vital for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Laura Partanen , Antti Sipila , Md Sanaul Haque , Jari Porras

The significant carbon footprint of the ICT sector calls for methodologies to contain carbon emissions of running software. This article proposes a novel framework for implementing, configuring and assessing carbon-aware interactive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Stefano Forti , Jacopo Soldani , Antonio Brogi

As quantum computers increase in size, the total energy used by a quantum data center, including the cooling, will become a greater concern. The cooling requirements of quantum computers, which must operate at temperatures near absolute…

Carbon taxes are increasingly popular among policymakers but remain politically contentious. A key challenge relates to their distributional impacts; the extent to which tax burdens differ across population groups. As a response, a growing…

General Economics · Economics 2026-01-13 Jules Linden , Cathal O'Donoghue , Denisa Sologon

The ICT (Information Communication Technologies) ecosystem is estimated to be responsible, as of today, for 10% of the total worldwide energy demand - equivalent to the combined energy production of Germany and Japan. Cloud storage, mainly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Lorenzo Posani , Alessio Paccoia , Marco Moschettini

Industrial operations have grown exponentially over the last century, driving advancements in energy utilization through vehicles and machinery.This growth has significant environmental implications, necessitating the use of sophisticated…

Applications · Statistics 2024-05-28 Anurag Mishra , Ronen Gold , Sanjeev Vijayakumar

This study explores the intersection of technological innovation and environmental sustainability in the context of Bitcoin mining. With Bitcoin's growing adoption, concerns surrounding the energy consumption and environmental impact of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Mohammad Ikbal Hossain , Tanja Steigner

Environmental sustainability, particularly in relation to climate change, is a key concern for consumers, producers, and policymakers. The carbon footprint, based on greenhouse gas emissions, is a standard metric for quantifying the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Mustafa Kaan Aslan , Reinout Heijungs , Filip Ilievski

With the emergence of new methodologies and technologies it has now become possible to manage large amounts of environmental sensing data and apply new integrated computing models to acquire information intelligence. This paper advocates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-02-27 Zaheer Khan , David Ludlow , Richard McClatchey , Ashiq Anjum

Designing systems that account for sustainability concerns demands for a better understanding of the \textit{impact} that digital technology interventions can have on a certain socio-technical context. However, limited studies are available…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Alessio Ferrari , Fabio Lepore , Livia Ortolani , Gianluca Brunori

With the climate change context, many prospective studies, generally encompassing all areas of society, imagine possible futures to expand the range of options. The role of digital technologies within these possible futures is rarely…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Aurélie Bugeau , Anne-Laure Ligozat

In the context of the global energy ecosystem transformation, we introduce a new approach to reduce the carbon emissions of the cloud-computing sector and, at the same time, foster the deployment of small-scale private photovoltaic plants.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Borja Martinez , Xavier Vilajosana

Human activities degrade the Earth environment at an unprecedented scale and pace, threatening Earth-system stability, resilience and life-support functions. We can of course deny the facts, get angry about them, or try to bargain. Or we…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-07 Jürgen Knödlseder

Assessing the energy consumption or carbon footprint of data distribution of video streaming services is usually carried out through energy or carbon intensity figures (in Wh or gCO2e per GB). In this paper, we first review the reasons why…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Gaël Guennebaud , Aurélie Bugeau , Antoine Dudouit
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