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Future searches for biomarkers on habitable exoplanets will rely on telescope instruments that achieve extremely high contrast at small planet-to-star angular separations. Coronagraphy is a promising starlight suppression technique,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-20 J. Mazoyer , L. Pueyo , M. N'Diaye , K. Fogarty , N. Zimmerman , L. Leboulleux , K. E. St. Laurent , R. Soummer , S. Shaklan , C. Norman

Deformable mirrors are increasingly used in astronomy. However, they still are limited in stroke for active correction of high amplitude optical aberrations. Magnetic Liquid deformable mirrors (MLDMs) are a new technology that has…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 E. F. Borra

Direct imaging of exoplanets requires very high contrast levels, which are obtained using coronagraphs. But residual quasi-static aberrations create speckles in the focal plane downstream of the coronagraph which mask the planet. This…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 J. Mazoyer , P. Baudoz , R. Galicher , M. Mas , G. Rousset

There are scientific and technological needs to improve the co-phasing of the primary mirrors of segmented telescopes. We have developed a methodology for using the wavefront sensor of an adaptive optics (AO) system to disentangle the phase…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-05 Benjamin Calvin , Michael Fitzgerald , Sam Ragland

Continuous wavefront sensing on future space telescopes allows relaxation of stability requirements while still allowing on-orbit diffraction-limited optical performance. We consider the suitability of phase retrieval to continuously…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-14 Hyukmo Kang , Kyle Van Gorkom , Jess Johnson , Ole Singlestad , Aaron Goldtooth , Daewook Kim , Ewan S. Douglas

As the performance of coronagraphs improves, the achievable contrast is more and more dependent of the shape of the pupil. The future generation of space and ground based coronagraphic instruments will have to achieve high contrast levels…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-11 Johan Mazoyer , Laurent Pueyo , Colin Norman , Mamadou N'Diaye , Dimitri Mawet , Rémi Soummer , Marshall Perrin , Élodie Choquet , Alexis Carlotti

We investigate the aspherization of an active mirror for correcting third and fifth-order aberrations. We use a stainless steel AISI 420 mirror with a controlled pressure load, two series of 12-punctual radial positions of force application…

Active optics techniques in astronomy provide high imaging quality. This paper is dedicated to highly deformable active optics that can generate non-axisymmetric aspheric surfaces-or freeform surfaces-by use of a minimum number of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-23 Gerard Lemaitre , Pascal Vola , Eduard Muslimov

Planned instruments utilising multi-object adaptive optics systems on the forthcoming extremely large telescopes require large numbers of high order deformable mirrors. These devices are a significant cost driver, particularly if…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Alastair Basden

The advent of extremely large telescopes will bring unprecedented light-collecting power and spatial resolution, but it will also lead to a significant increase in the size and complexity of focal-plane instruments. The use of freeform…

The availability and performance of laser-based adaptive optics (AO) systems are strongly dependent on the power and quality of the laser beam before being projected to the sky. Frequent and time-consuming alignment procedures are usually…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-23 Clémentine Béchet , Andrés Guesalaga , Benoit Neichel , Vincent Fesquet , Héctor González-Núñez , Sebastián Zúñiga , Pedro Escarate , Dani Guzman

Directly imaging Earth-like exoplanets (``exoEarths'') with a coronagraph instrument on a space telescope requires a stable wavefront with optical path differences limited to tens of picometers RMS during exposure times of a few hours.…

All coronagraphic instruments for exoplanet high-contrast imaging need wavefront correction systems to reject optical aberrations and create sufficiently dark holes. Since the most efficient wavefront correction algorithms (controllers and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-09 He Sun , N. Jeremy Kasdin , Robert Vanderbei

We present a new method to achieve high-contrast images using segmented and/or on-axis telescopes. Our approach relies on using two sequential Deformable Mirrors to compensate for the large amplitude excursions in the telescope aperture due…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Laurent Pueyo , Colin Norman

The current generation of ground-based coronagraphic instruments uses deformable mirrors to correct for phase errors and to improve contrast levels at small angular separations. Improving these techniques, several space and ground based…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-11 Johan Mazoyer , Laurent Pueyo , Mamadou N'Diaye , Dimitri Mawet , Rémi Soummer , Colin Norman

Context. Adaptive optics (AO) is now a tool commonly deployed in astronomy. The real time correction of the atmospheric turbulence that AO enables allows telescopes to perform close to the diffraction limit at the core of their point spread…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-21 Anthony Berdeu , Michel Tallon , Éric Thiébaut , Maud Langlois

We propose and demonstrate a method for the adaptive wavefront correction of dynamic multimode fiber beams for the first time. The wavefront of incident beam is reconstructed in real-time based on the complete modal information, which…

Adaptive optics systems require a calibration procedure to operate, whether in closed loop or even more importantly in forward control. This calibration usually takes the form of an interaction matrix and is a measure of the response on the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-15 Olivier Lai , Mark Chun , Ryan Dungee , Jessica Lu , Marcel Carbillet

Optics for future X-ray telescopes will be characterized by very large aperture and focal length, and will be made of lightweight materials like glass or silicon in order to keep the total mass within acceptable limits. Optical modules…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-04 D. Spiga , M. Barbera , A. Collura , S. Basso , R. Candia , M. Civitani , M. Di Bella , G. Di Cicca , U. Lo Cicero , G. Lullo , C. Pelliciari , M. Riva , B. Salmaso , L. Sciortino , S. Varisco

Deformable Mirrors (DMs) have wide applications ranging from astronomical imaging to laser communications and vision science. However, they often require bulky multi-channel cables for delivering high power to their drive actuators. A low…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-28 Amit Kumar Jha , Ewan S. Douglas , Meng Li , Corey Fucetola , Fiorenzo G. Omenetto