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Radon is one of the most important sources of background in rare event search experiments, such as those searching for Dark Matter and neutrinos, due to its unavoidable production from natural uranium. In low-background experiments, radon…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-29 P. Adhikari , M. G. Boulay , R. Crampton , D. Gallacher , M. Perry

Radon and its progenies are significant sources of background in rare event detection experiments, including dark matter searches like the PandaX-4T experiment and other rare decay studies such as neutrinoless double beta decay (NLDBD). In…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-07-02 Yuan Wu , Lin Si , Zhicheng Qian , Youhui Yun , Yue Meng , Jianglai Liu , Zhixing Gao , Hao Wang , Liangyu Wu , Yuanzi Liang

Rare event searches such as neutrinoless double beta decay and Weakly Interacting Massive Particle detection require ultra-low background detectors. Radon contamination is a significant challenge for these experiments, which employ highly…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-08-11 nEXO Collaboration , A. Anker , P. A. Breur , B. Mong , P. Acharya , A. Amy , E. Angelico , I. J. Arnquist , A. Atencio , J. Bane , V. Belov , E. P. Bernard , T. Bhatta , A. Bolotnikov , J. Breslin , J. P. Brodsky , S. Bron , E. Brown , T. Brunner , B. Burnell , E. Caden , L. Q. Cao , G. F. Cao , D. Cesmecioglu , D. Chernyak , M. Chiu , R. Collister , T. Daniels , L. Darroch , R. DeVoe , M. L. di Vacri , Y. Y. Ding , M. J. Dolinski , A. Dragone , B. Eckert , M. Elbeltagi , A. Emara , W. Fairbank , N. Fatemighomi , B. Foust , Y. S. Fu , D. Gallacher , N. Gallice , G. Giacomini , W. Gillis , A. Gorham , R. Gornea , G. Gratta , Y. D. Guan , C. A. Hardy , S. Hedges , M. Heffner , E. Hein , J. D. Holt , A. Iverson , X. S. Jiang , A. Karelin , D. Keblbeck , I. Kotov , A. Kuchenkov , K. S. Kumar , A. Larson , M. B. Latif , K. G. Leach , B. G. Lenardo , A. Lennarz , D. S. Leonard , K. Leung , H. Lewis , G. Li , X. Li , Z. Li , C. Licciardi , R. Lindsay , R. MacLellan , S. Majidi , C. Malbrunot , M. Marquis , J. Masbou , M. Medina-Peregrina , S. Mngonyama , D. C. Moore , X. E. Ngwadla , K. Ni , A. Nolan , S. C. Nowicki , J. C. Nzobadila Ondze , A. Odian , J. L. Orrell , G. S. Ortega , C. T. Overman , L. Pagani , H. Peltz Smalley , A. Perna , A. Piepke , A. Pocar , V. Radeka , E. Raguzin , R. Rai , H. Rasiwala , D. Ray , S. Rescia , F. Retiére , G. Richardson , N. Rocco , R. Ross , P. C. Rowson , R. Saldanha , S. Sangiorgio , S. Sekula , T. Shetty , L. Si , F. Spadoni , V. Stekhanov , X. L. Sun , S. Thibado , T. Totev , S. Triambak , R. H. M. Tsang , O. A. Tyuka , E. van Bruggen , M. Vidal , S. Viel , M. Walent , H. Wang , Q. D. Wang , Y. G. Wang , M. Watts , M. Wehrfritz , W. Wei , L. J. Wen , U. Wichoski , S. Wilde , M. Worcester , X. M. Wu , H. Xu , H. B. Yang , L. Yang , M. Yu , O. Zeldovich , J. Zhao

The radioactive daughters isotope of 222Rn are one of the highest risk contaminants in liquid xenon detectors aiming for a small signal rate. The noble gas is permanently emanated from the detector surfaces and mixed with the xenon target.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-03-14 Natascha Rupp

Radon gas emanating from materials is of interest in environmental science and also a major concern in rare event non-accelerator particle physics experiments such as dark matter and double beta decay searches, where it is a major source of…

Radon and its progeny constitute a major source of background in rare-event physics experiments, such as those searching for dark matter, neutrinos, and neutrinoless double beta decay, due to their origin as unavoidable decay products of…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-02-19 P. Adhikari , M. G. Boulay , R. Crampton , M. Perry , D. Sinclair

The next generation low-background detectors operating deep underground aim for unprecedented low levels of radioactive backgrounds. The deposition and presence of radon progeny on detector surfaces is an added source of energetic…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-01-11 V. E. Guiseppe , C. D. Christofferson , K. R. Hair , F. M. Adams

In low-background particle physics experiments, surface deposition of radon progeny presents a significant background challenge. To characterize this contamination, a high-sensitivity surface $\alpha$-activity measurement system was…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-03-03 C. B. Z. Luo , C. Guo , L. P. Xiang , Y. H. Niu , F. G. Mo , J. C. Liu , Y. P. Zhang , C. G. Yang

The next generation low-background detectors operating underground aim for unprecedented low levels of radioactive backgrounds. Although the radioactive decays of airborne radon (particularly Rn-222) and its subsequent progeny present in an…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2011-08-10 V. E. Guiseppe , S. R. Elliott , A. Hime , K. Rielage , S. Westerdale

Measuring radon emanation from detector materials is a key method for controlling radon, a significant background in rare-event physics experiments. Methods for measuring radon emanation are well-established but have predominantly focused…

Radon emanation was projected to account for $>50$% of the electron recoil background in the WIMP region of interest for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment. To mitigate the amount of radon inside the detector volume, materials with inherently…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-11-23 N. I. Chott , R. W. Schnee

Long-lived radon daughters are a critical background source in experiments searching for low-energy rare events. Originating from radon in ambient air, radioactive polonium, bismuth and lead isotopes plate-out on materials that are later…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-05-05 S. Bruenner , D. Cichon , G. Eurin , P. Herrero Gómez , F. Jörg , T. Marrodán Undagoitia , H. Simgen , N. Rupp

The decay of common radioactive gases, such as radon, produces stable isotopes by a sequence of daughter particles with varied half-lives. These daughter particles are a significant source of gamma, neutron, and alpha particle backgrounds…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-09-02 M. Bruemmer , M. Nakib , R. Calkins , J. Cooley , S. Sekula

The radioactive noble gas $^{222}$Rn, which can be dissolved in water, is an important background source for JUNO. In this paper, based on the water system of JUNO prototype, two kinds of high sensitivity radon detectors have been proposed…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-12-15 Y. P. Zhang , J. C. Liu , C. Guo , Y. B. Huang , Z. Y. Yu , C. Xu , M. Y. Guan , C. G. Yang , P. Zhang

The XENONnT experiment has achieved an exceptionally low $^\text{222}$Rn activity concentration within its inner 5.9$\,$tonne liquid xenon detector of (0.90$\,\pm\,$0.01$\,$stat.$\,\pm\,$0.07 sys.)$\,\mu$Bq/kg, equivalent to about 430…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-04-28 E. Aprile , J. Aalbers , K. Abe , S. Ahmed Maouloud , L. Althueser , B. Andrieu , E. Angelino , D. Antón Martin , F. Arneodo , L. Baudis , M. Bazyk , L. Bellagamba , R. Biondi , A. Bismark , K. Boese , A. Brown , G. Bruno , R. Budnik , C. Cai , C. Capelli , J. M. R. Cardoso , A. P. Cimental Chávez , A. P. Colijn , J. Conrad , J. J. Cuenca-García , V. D'Andrea , L. C. Daniel Garcia , M. P. Decowski , A. Deisting , C. Di Donato , P. Di Gangi , S. Diglio , K. Eitel , S. el Morabit , A. Elykov , A. D. Ferella , C. Ferrari , H. Fischer , T. Flehmke , M. Flierman , W. Fulgione , C. Fuselli , P. Gaemers , R. Gaior , M. Galloway , F. Gao , S. Ghosh , R. Giacomobono , R. Glade-Beucke , L. Grandi , J. Grigat , H. Guan , M. Guida , P. Gyorgy , R. Hammann , A. Higuera , C. Hils , L. Hoetzsch , N. F. Hood , M. Iacovacci , Y. Itow , J. Jakob , F. Joerg , Y. Kaminaga , M. Kara , P. Kavrigin , S. Kazama , P. Kharbanda , M. Kobayashi , D. Koke , A. Kopec , H. Landsman , R. F. Lang , L. Levinson , I. Li , S. Li , S. Liang , Z. Liang , Y. -T. Lin , S. Lindemann , M. Lindner , K. Liu , M. Liu , J. Loizeau , F. Lombardi , J. Long , J. A. M. Lopes , T. Luce , Y. Ma , C. Macolino , J. Mahlstedt , A. Mancuso , L. Manenti , F. Marignetti , T. Marrodán Undagoitia , K. Martens , J. Masbou , E. Masson , S. Mastroianni , A. Melchiorre , J. Merz , M. Messina , A. Michael , K. Miuchi , A. Molinario , S. Moriyama , K. Morå , Y. Mosbacher , M. Murra , J. Müller , K. Ni , U. Oberlack , B. Paetsch , Y. Pan , Q. Pellegrini , R. Peres , C. Peters , J. Pienaar , M. Pierre , G. Plante , T. R. Pollmann , L. Principe , J. Qi , J. Qin , D. Ramírez García , M. Rajado , R. Singh , L. Sanchez , J. M. F. dos Santos , I. Sarnoff , G. Sartorelli , J. Schreiner , D. Schulte , P. Schulte , H. Schulze Eißing , M. Schumann , L. Scotto Lavina , M. Selvi , F. Semeria , P. Shagin , S. Shi , J. Shi , M. Silva , H. Simgen , C. Szyszka , A. Takeda , Y. Takeuchi , P. -L. Tan , D. Thers , F. Toschi , G. Trinchero , C. D. Tunnell , F. Tönnies , K. Valerius , S. Vecchi , S. Vetter , F. I. Villazon Solar , G. Volta , C. Weinheimer , M. Weiss , D. Wenz , C. Wittweg , V. H. S. Wu , Y. Xing , D. Xu , Z. Xu , M. Yamashita , L. Yang , J. Ye , L. Yuan , G. Zavattini , M. Zhong

Radon and radon daughters pose significant backgrounds to rare-event searching experiments. Activated carbon, which has very strong adsorption capacity for radon, can be used for radon removal and radon enrichment. The internal $^{226}$Ra…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-02-16 Y. Y. Chen , Y. P. Zhang , Y. Liu , J. C. Liu , C. Guo , P. Zhang , S. K. Qiu , C. G. Yang , Q. Tang

Low-background liquid xenon detectors are utilized in the investigation of rare events, including dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay. For their calibration, gaseous $^{220}$Rn can be used. After being introduced into the xenon,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-11-15 Florian Jörg , Shengchao Li , Jochen Schreiner , Hardy Simgen , Rafael F. Lang

Radioactive noble gas radon ($\mathrm{^{222}Rn}$) is one of the major background sources below the MeV region in rare event search experiments. To precisely measure radon concentration in purified gases, a radon detector with an…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-12-14 K. Okamoto , Y. Nakano , G. Pronost , H. Sekiya , S. Tasaka , Y. Takeuchi , M. Nakahata

$^{222}Rn$ emanating from environmental dust constitutes an important background component for many low-energy, low-rate experiments. Radon emanation rates from dust and rock, thus, are important for experiment planning. In this paper, we…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-10-24 Yue Meng , Jerry Busenitz , Andreas Piepke , Raymond Tsang , Mengmeng Wu , Yukun Yao

The LZ dark matter detector, like many other rare-event searches, will suffer from backgrounds due to the radioactive decay of radon daughters. In order to achieve its science goals, the concentration of radon within the xenon should not…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-01-17 E. H. Miller , J. Busenitz , T. K. Edberg , C. Ghag , C. Hall , R. Leonard , K. Lesko , X. Liu , Yue Meng , A. Piepke , R. W. Schnee
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