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A mean-field method for the hypercubic nearest-neighbor Ising system is introduced and applications to the method are demonstrated. The main idea of this work is to combine the Kadanoff's mean-field approach with the model presented by one…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-07-13 Tuncer Kaya , Başer Tambaş

This paper investigates a Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces (SIM)-assisted Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) system. An extended target model is considered, where the BS aims to estimate the complete target response matrix…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Ziqing Wang , Hongzheng Liu , Jianan Zhang , Rujing Xiong , Kai Wan , Xuewen Qian , Marco Di Renzo , Robert Caiming Qiu

Ising machines, hardware accelerators for combinatorial optimization and probabilistic sampling problems, have gained significant interest recently. A key element is stochasticity, which enables a wide exploration of configurations, thereby…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-01-23 Kyle Lee , Shuvro Chowdhury , Kerem Y. Camsari

Analog Ising machines (AIMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for combinatorial optimization, utilizing physical dynamics to solve Ising problems with high energy efficiency. However, the performance of traditional optimization and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Aditya Choudhary , Saaketh Desai , Prasad Iyer

Ising machines are an emerging class of hardware that promises ultrafast and energy-efficient solutions to NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. Spatial photonic Ising machines (SPIMs) exploit optical computing in free space to…

Computationally hard combinatorial optimization problems are pervasive in science and engineering, yet their NP-hard nature renders them increasingly inefficient to solve on conventional von Neumann architectures as problem size grows.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yu Qian , Alptekin Vardar , Konrad Seidel , David Lehninger , Maximilian Lederer , Zhiguo Shi , Cheng Zhuo , Kai Ni , Thomas Kämpfe , Xunzhao Yin

Solving optimization problems is challenging for existing digital computers and even for future quantum hardware. The practical importance of diverse problems, from healthcare to financial optimization, has driven the emergence of…

We propose an RNN-based efficient Ising model solver, the Criticality-ordered Recurrent Mean Field (CoRMF), for forward Ising problems. In its core, a criticality-ordered spin sequence of an $N$-spin Ising model is introduced by sorting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-08 Zhenyu Pan , Ammar Gilani , En-Jui Kuo , Zhuo Liu

A near-field integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) framework is proposed, which introduces an additional distance dimension for both sensing and communications compared to the conventional far-field system. In particular, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Zhaolin Wang , Xidong Mu , Yuanwei Liu

The Ising machine is an unconventional computing architecture that can be used to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems more efficiently than traditional von Neumann architectures. Fast, compact oscillator networks which provide…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-10-20 Brooke C. McGoldrick , Jonathan Z. Sun , Luqiao Liu

Data collection and processing timely is crucial for mobile crowd integrated sensing, communication, and computation~(ISCC) systems with various applications such as smart home and connected cars, which requires numerous integrated sensing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-28 Dezhi Wang , Chongwen Huang , Jiguang He , Xiaoming Chen , Wei Wang , Zhaoyang Zhang , Zhu Han , Mérouane Debbah

A universal methodology for coding-decoding the complex amplitude field of an imaged sample in coherent microscopy is presented, where no restrictions on any of the two interferometric beams are required. Thus, the imaging beam can be…

Ising Machines (IMs) are physical systems designed to find solutions to combinatorial optimization (CO) problems mapped onto the IM via the coupling strengths of its binary spins. Using the intrinsic dynamics and different annealing…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-06-04 Afshin Houshang , Mohammad Zahedinejad , Shreyas Muralidhar , Jakub Checinski , Ahmad A. Awad , Johan Åkerman

Ising machines (IM) have recently been proposed as unconventional hardware-based computation accelerators for solving NP-hard problems. In this work, we present a model for a time-multiplexed IM based on the nonlinear oscillations in a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-06-12 Roman V. Ovcharov , Victor H. González , Artem Litvinenko , Johan Åkerman , Roman S. Khymyn

Decades of exponential scaling in high performance computing (HPC) efficiency is coming to an end. Transistor based logic in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is approaching physical limits beyond which further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Fiona Knoll , John T. Daly , Jess J. Meyer

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has opened up numerous game-changing opportunities for realizing future wireless systems. In this paper, we propose an ISAC processing framework relying on millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Zhen Gao , Ziwei Wan , Dezhi Zheng , Shufeng Tan , Christos Masouros , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Sheng Chen

Oscillator Ising Machines (OIMs) and probabilistic bit (p-bit)-based computing platforms have emerged as promising paradigms for tackling complex combinatorial optimization problems. Although traditionally viewed as distinct approaches,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 E. M. Hasantha Ekanayake , Nikhat Khan , Nikhil Shukla

Ising machines, which are dynamical systems designed to operate in a parallel and iterative manner, have emerged as a new paradigm for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Despite computational advantages, the quality of solutions…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-30 Shu Zhou , K. Y. Michael Wong , Juntao Wang , David Shui Wing Hui , Daniel Ebler , Jie Sun

Coherent Ising machines (CIMs) have emerged as specialized quantum hardware for large-scale combinatorial optimization. However, for large instances that remain challenging for classical methods, some platforms support only finite-precision…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Keming He , Yuehan Zhang , Hongshun Yao , Jin-Guo Liu , Xin Wang

Symbol decoding in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems requires the deployment of fast, energy-efficient computing hardware deployable at the edge. The brute-force, exact maximum likelihood (ML) decoder,…