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It has recently been suggested that Einstein-Rosen (ER) bridges can be interpreted as maximally entangled states of two black holes that form a complex Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair. This relationship has been dubbed as the ER = EPR…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-06-04 Francisco S. N. Lobo , Gonzalo J. Olmo , D. Rubiera-Garcia

The recently proposed ER=EPR correspondence postulates the existence of wormholes (Einstein-Rosen bridges) between entangled states (such as EPR pairs). Entanglement is famously known to be unobservable in quantum mechanics, in that there…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-11-23 Ning Bao , Jason Pollack , Grant N. Remmen

If spacetime is built out of quantum bits, does the shape of space depend on how the bits are entangled? The ER=EPR conjecture relates the entanglement entropy of a collection of black holes to the cross sectional area of Einstein-Rosen…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-03-12 Hrant Gharibyan , Robert F. Penna

Einstein's equations of general relativity (GR) can describe the connection between events within a given hypervolume of size $L$ larger than the Planck length $L_P$ in terms of wormhole connections where metric fluctuations give rise to an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-01 Fabrizio Tamburini , Ignazio Licata

We construct a class of wormhole geometries supported by the non-local gravitational self-energy that regularizes the particle and black-hole sectors of spacetime. Using this framework, inspired by T-duality, we show that two entangled…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-13 Kimet Jusufi , Francisco S. N. Lobo , Emmanuel N. Saridakis , Douglas Singleton

Maldacena and Susskind have proposed a correspondence between wormholes and entanglement, dubbed ER=EPR. We study this in the context of 3d topological quantum field theory, where we show that the formation of a wormhole is the same process…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-22 John C. Baez , Jamie Vicary

This paper discusses ER = EPR, the hypothesis of Susskind and Maldacena that entangled black holes are connected by an Einstein-Rosen bridge, and that more generally, quantum entanglement is accompanied by topological connectivity. Given a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-24 Louis H. Kauffman

We provide a concrete and computable realization of the $ER=EPR$ conjecture, by deriving the Einstein-Rosen bridge from the quantum entanglement in the thermofield double CFT. The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the wormhole is explicitly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-03 Xin Jiang , Peng Wang , Houwen Wu , Haitang Yang

The ER = EPR correspondence relates a superposition of entangled, disconnected spacetimes to a connected spacetime with an Einstein-Rosen bridge. We construct examples in which both sides may be described by weakly-coupled string theory.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-11-23 Daniel L. Jafferis , Elliot Schneider

We use a string T-duality corrected pair of regular black holes to construct an Einstein-Rosen (ER) bridge with the wormhole throat proportional to the zero-point (Planck) length. This may be a geometric realization of quantum entanglement…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-13 Kimet Jusufi , Emmanuel Moulay , Jonas Mureika , Ahmed Farag Ali

According to the ER = EPR conjecture, entangled particles are connected by quantum wormholes. Under the assumption that some of the electric field surrounding an entangled charged particle leaks into the wormhole, we show that this effect…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Irfan Javed , Edward Wilson-Ewing

This paper illustrates various aspects of the ER=EPR conjecture.It begins with a brief heuristic argument, using the Ryu-Takayanagi correspondence, for why entanglement between black holes implies the existence of Einstein-Rosen bridges.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-12-31 Leonard Susskind

In this paper, we provide a counter-example to the ER=EPR conjecture. In an anti-de Sitter space, we construct a pair of maximally entangled but separated black holes. Due to the vacuum decay of the anti-de Sitter background toward a deeper…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-06-26 Pisin Chen , Chih-Hung Wu , Dong-han Yeom

In previous work, two of us constructed the holographic dual of a single Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. Here we extend that work in two directions. First, we use a Randall-Sundrum brane to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-09-17 Kristan Jensen , Andreas Karch , Brandon Robinson

General relativity contains solutions in which two distant black holes are connected through the interior via a wormhole, or Einstein-Rosen bridge. These solutions can be interpreted as maximally entangled states of two black holes that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-16 Juan Maldacena , Leonard Susskind

We consider the two-particle wave function of an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen system, given by a two dimensional relativistic scalar field model. The Bohm-de Broglie interpretation is applied and the quantum potential is viewed as modifying the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 E. Sergio Santini

What do the typical entangled states of two black holes look like? Do they contain semiclassical interiors? We approach these questions constructively, providing ensembles of states which densely explore the black hole Hilbert space. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-21 Javier M. Magan , Martin Sasieta , Brian Swingle

We construct the holographic dual of two colored quasiparticles in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory entangled in a color singlet EPR pair. In the holographic dual the entanglement is encoded in a geometry of a non-traversable…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-11-27 Kristan Jensen , Andreas Karch

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement is of special importance not only for fundamental research in quantum mechanics, but also for quantum information processing. Establishing EPR entanglement between two memory systems, such as…

Electric fields can thread a classical Einstein-Rosen bridge. Maldacena and Susskind have recently suggested that in a theory of dynamical gravity the entanglement of ordinary perturbative quanta should be viewed as creating a quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-10-07 Dalit Engelhardt , Ben Freivogel , Nabil Iqbal
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