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Words are sequences of letters over a finite alphabet. We study two intimately related topics for this object: quasi-randomness and limit theory. With respect to the first topic we investigate the notion of uniform distribution of letters…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-01 Hiêp Hàn , Marcos Kiwi , Matías Pavez-Signé

The downward closure of a word language is the set of all (not necessarily contiguous) subwords of its members. It is well-known that the downward closure of any language is regular. While the downward closure appears to be a powerful…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-02 Georg Zetzsche

We define the topological complexity sequence of a group as the sequence of topological complexities of its Milnor constructions. This sequence may be regarded as an intrinsic refinement of the topological complexity of a group and, unlike…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Daisuke Kishimoto , Yuki Minowa

We introduce layered automata, a subclass of alternating parity automata that generalises deterministic automata. Assuming a consistency property, these automata are history deterministic and 0-1 probabilistic. We show that every…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Antonio Casares , Christof Löding , Igor Walukiewicz

G. Edelman, O. Sporns, and G. Tononi have introduced the neural complexity of a family of random variables, defining it as a specific average of mutual information over subfamilies. We show that their choice of weights satisfies two natural…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-12-21 Jerome Buzzi , Lorenzo Zambotti

In the paper we develop the $p$-adic theory of discrete automata. Every automaton $\mathfrak A$ (transducer) whose input/output alphabets consist of $p$ symbols can be associated to a continuous (in fact, 1-Lipschitz) map from $p$-adic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-10 Vladimir Anashin

In this paper we develop a method to transfer density results for primitive automatic sequences to logarithmic-density results for general automatic sequences. As an application we show that the logarithmic densities of any automatic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-14 Boris Adamczewski , Michael Drmota , Clemens Müllner

We introduce the notion of an asymptotically automatic sequence, which generalises the notion of an automatic sequence, and we prove a variant of Cobham's theorem for the newly introduced class of sequences.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-21 Jakub Konieczny

We make certain bounds in Krebs' proof of Cobham's theorem explicit and obtain corresponding upper bounds on the length of a common prefix of an aperiodic $a$-automatic sequence and an aperiodic $b$-automatic sequence, where $a$ and $b$ are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-17 Lucas Mol , Narad Rampersad , Jeffrey Shallit , Manon Stipulanti

In this article, we consider the factor complexity of a fixed point of a primitive substitution canonically defined by a beta-numeration system. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition on the Renyi expansion of 1 for having an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. Bernat , Z. Masáková , E. Pelantová

A data language is a set of finite words defined on an infinite alphabet. Data languages are used to express properties associated with data values (domain defined over a countably infinite set). In this paper, we introduce set augmented…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Ansuman Banerjee , Kingshuk Chatterjee , Shibashis Guha

An automatic sequence is a letter-to-letter coding of a fixed point of a uniform morphism. More generally, we have morphic sequences, which are letter-to-letter codings of fixed points of arbitrary morphisms. There are many examples where…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-05 J. -P. Allouche , F. M. Dekking , M. Queffélec

We study languages over infinite alphabets equipped with some structure that can be tested by recognizing automata. We develop a framework for studying such alphabets and the ensuing automata theory, where the key role is played by an…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Mikołaj Bojańczyk , Bartek Klin , Sławomir Lasota

For any infinite word $w$ on a finite alphabet $A$, the complexity function $p_w$ of $w$ is the sequence counting, for each non-negative $n$, the number $p_w(n)$ of words of length $n$ on the alphabet $A$ that are factors of the infinite…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-03-16 Carlos Gustavo Moreira , Christian Mauduit , Sébastien Ferenczi

We study the complexity of basic regular operations on languages represented by incomplete deterministic or nondeterministic automata, in which all states are final. Such languages are known to be prefix-closed. We get tight bounds on both…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-23 Kristína Čevorová , Galina Jirásková , Peter Mlynárčik , Matúš Palmovský , Juraj Šebej

Abstract numeration systems encode natural numbers using radix ordered words of an infinite regular language and linear recurrence sequences play a key role in their valuation. Sequence automata, which are deterministic finite automata with…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Olivier Carton , Jean-Michel Couvreur , Martin Delacourt , Nicolas Ollinger

We show that the Word Problem in finitely generated subgroups of $\textsf{GL}_d(\mathbb{Z})$ can be solved in linear average-case complexity. This is done under the bit-complexity model, which accounts for the fact that large integers are…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Frédérique Bassino , Cyril Nicaud , Pascal Weil

Given a reference computer, Kolmogorov complexity is a well defined function on all binary strings. In the standard approach, however, only the asymptotic properties of such functions are considered because they do not depend on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Andrei N. Soklakov

Implicit computational complexity, which aims at characterizing complexity classes by machine-independent means, has traditionally been based, on the one hand, on programs and deductive formalisms for free algebras, and on the other hand on…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-02-12 Daniel Leivant , Jean-Yves Marion

Many sequences of $p$-adic integers project modulo $p^\alpha$ to $p$-automatic sequences for every $\alpha \geq 0$. Examples include algebraic sequences of integers, which satisfy this property for every prime $p$, and some cocycle…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-05-02 Eric Rowland , Reem Yassawi
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