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Related papers: A Refutation of Shapley Values for Explainability

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The Shapley value is a game-theoretic notion for wealth distribution that is nowadays extensively used to explain complex data-intensive computation, for instance, in network analysis or machine learning. Recent theoretical works show that…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Daniel Deutch , Nave Frost , Benny Kimelfeld , Mikaël Monet

Data valuation has become an increasingly significant discipline in data science due to the economic value of data. In the context of machine learning (ML), data valuation methods aim to equitably measure the contribution of each data point…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Xiang Li , Haocheng Xia , Jinfei Liu

It is becoming increasingly important to explain complex, black-box machine learning models. Although there is an expanding literature on this topic, Shapley values stand out as a sound method to explain predictions from any type of machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-03 Annabelle Redelmeier , Martin Jullum , Kjersti Aas

Feature selection is one of the most relevant processes in any methodology for creating a statistical learning model. Usually, existing algorithms establish some criterion to select the most influential variables, discarding those that do…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-10 Carlos Sebastián , Carlos E. González-Guillén

As the use of complex machine learning models continues to grow, so does the need for reliable explainability methods. One of the most popular methods for model explainability is based on Shapley values. There are two most commonly used…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-18 Ilya Rozenfeld

Shapley effects are a particularly interpretable approach to assessing how a function depends on its various inputs. The existing literature contains various estimators for this class of sensitivity indices in the context of nonparametric…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-27 Akira Horiguchi , Matthew T. Pratola

A feature-based model explanation denotes how much each input feature contributes to a model's output for a given data point. As the number of proposed explanation functions grows, we lack quantitative evaluation criteria to help…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Umang Bhatt , Adrian Weller , José M. F. Moura

Despite their enormous predictive power, machine learning models are often unsuitable for applications in regulated industries such as finance, due to their limited capacity to provide explanations. While model-agnostic frameworks such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-03 Joshua S. Harvey , Guanchao Feng , Sai Anusha Meesala , Tina Zhao , Dhagash Mehta

Additive feature explanations using Shapley values have become popular for providing transparency into the relative importance of each feature to an individual prediction of a machine learning model. While Shapley values provide a unique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Thomas W. Campbell , Heinrich Roder , Robert W. Georgantas , Joanna Roder

Feature attributions based on the Shapley value are popular for explaining machine learning models; however, their estimation is complex from both a theoretical and computational standpoint. We disentangle this complexity into two factors:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Hugh Chen , Ian C. Covert , Scott M. Lundberg , Su-In Lee

While Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasingly expanding more areas of application, little has been applied to make deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) more comprehensible. As RL becomes ubiquitous and used in critical and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Alexandre Heuillet , Fabien Couthouis , Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez

Shapley values are today extensively used as a model-agnostic explanation framework to explain complex predictive machine learning models. Shapley values have desirable theoretical properties and a sound mathematical foundation in the field…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-16 Lars Henry Berge Olsen , Ingrid Kristine Glad , Martin Jullum , Kjersti Aas

Explainable AI~(XAI) methods such as SHAP can help discover feature attributions in black-box models. If the method reveals a significant attribution from a ``protected feature'' (e.g., gender, race) on the model output, the model is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Jun Yuan , Aritra Dasgupta

Explaining complex or seemingly simple machine learning models is an important practical problem. We want to explain individual predictions from a complex machine learning model by learning simple, interpretable explanations. Shapley values…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-07 Kjersti Aas , Martin Jullum , Anders Løland

Shapley values originated in cooperative game theory but are extensively used today as a model-agnostic explanation framework to explain predictions made by complex machine learning models in the industry and academia. There are several…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-15 Lars Henry Berge Olsen , Ingrid Kristine Glad , Martin Jullum , Kjersti Aas

Fair credit assignment is essential in various machine learning (ML) applications, and Shapley values have emerged as a valuable tool for this purpose. However, in critical ML applications such as data valuation and feature attribution, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Pranoy Panda , Siddharth Tandon , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

We study instancewise feature importance scoring as a method for model interpretation. Any such method yields, for each predicted instance, a vector of importance scores associated with the feature vector. Methods based on the Shapley score…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-09 Jianbo Chen , Le Song , Martin J. Wainwright , Michael I. Jordan

Shapley value attribution (SVA) is an increasingly popular explainable AI (XAI) method, which quantifies the contribution of each feature to the model's output. However, recent work has shown that most existing methods to implement SVAs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Ningsheng Zhao , Jia Yuan Yu , Krzysztof Dzieciolowski , Trang Bui

Identifying the trade-offs between model-based and model-free methods is a central question in reinforcement learning. Value-based methods offer substantial computational advantages and are sometimes just as statistically efficient as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 David Cheikhi , Daniel Russo

Measuring the value of individual samples is critical for many data-driven tasks, e.g., the training of a deep learning model. Recent literature witnesses the substantial efforts in developing data valuation methods. The primary data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Ou Wu , Weiyao Zhu , Mengyang Li