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We study NSOP$_{1}$ theories. We define Kim-independence, which generalizes non-forking independence in simple theories and corresponds to non-forking at a generic scale. We show that Kim-independence satisfies a version of Kim's lemma,…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-01-09 Itay Kaplan , Nicholas Ramsey

We study Kim-independence over arbitrary sets. Assuming that forking satisfies existence, we establish Kim's lemma for Kim-dividing over arbitrary sets in an NSOP$_{1}$ theory. We deduce symmetry of Kim-independence and the independence…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-09-19 Jan Dobrowolski , Byunghan Kim , Nicholas Ramsey

An important dividing line in the class of unstable theories is being NSOP$_1$, which is more general than being simple. In NSOP$_1$ theories forking independence may not be as well-behaved as in stable or simple theories, so it is replaced…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-03-29 Jan Dobrowolski , Mark Kamsma

We prove several results on the behavior of Kim-independence upon changing the base in NSOP$_{1}$ theories. As a consequence, we prove that Kim-independence satisfies transitivity and that this characterizes NSOP$_{1}$. Moreover, we…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-12-08 Itay Kaplan , Nicholas Ramsey

In the first part of this work the notion of stable Kim-forking is discussed and some context on this matter is given. In the second part a general way of building some examples of NSOP1 theories as the limit of some Fraisse class…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Yvon Bossut

We establish several results regarding dividing and forking in NTP2 theories. We show that dividing is the same as array-dividing. Combining it with existence of strictly invariant sequences we deduce that forking satisfies the chain…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-08-14 Itaï Ben Yaacov , Artem Chernikov

Tree properties are introduced by Shelah, and it is well-known that a theory has TP (the tree property) if and only if it has TP$_1$ or TP$_2$. In any simple theory (i.e., a theory not having TP), forking supplies a good independence notion…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-07-05 Enrique Casanovas , Byunghan Kim

We adapt the properties of Kim-independence in NSOP1 theories with existence proven in [5],[4] and [2] by Ramsey, Kaplan, Chernikov, Dobrowolski and Kim to hyperimaginaries by adding the assumption of existence for hyperimaginaries. We show…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-10-26 Yvon Bossut

We observe that a simple condition suffices to describes non-forking independence over models in a stable theory. Under mild assumptions, this description can be extended to non-forking independence over algebraically closed subsets,…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Amador Martin-Pizarro

We characterize nonforking (Morley) sequences in dependent theories in terms of a generalization of Poizat's special sequences and show that average types of Morley sequences are stationary over their domains. We characterize generically…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-10-07 Alexander Usvyatsov

We prove that in theories without the tree property of the second kind (which include dependent and simple theories) forking and dividing over models are the same, and in fact over any extension base. As an application we show that…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-03-22 Artem Chernikov , Itay Kaplan

We present here some known and some new examples of non-simple NSOP1 theories and some behaviour that Kim-forking can exhibit in these theories, in particular that Kim-forking after forcing base monotonicity can or can not satisfy extension…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-11-03 Yvon Bossut

We initiate a systematic study of the class of theories without the tree property of the second kind - NTP2. Most importantly, we show: the burden is "sub-multiplicative" in arbitrary theories (in particular, if a theory has TP2 then there…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-08-15 Artem Chernikov

We investigate the notions of strict independence and strict non-forking, and establish basic properties and connections between the two. In particular it follows from our investigation that in resilient theories strict non-forking is…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-10-01 Itay Kaplan , Alexander Usvyatsov

We give a simple proof of the splitting lemma in singularity theory, also known as generalized Morse lemma, for formal power series over arbitrary fields. Our proof for the uniqueness of the residual part in any characteristic is new and…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Gert-Martin Greuel , Gerhard Pfister

In this note, we prove that Kim-dividing over models is always witnessed by a coheir Morley sequence in NATP theories. Following the strategy of Chernikov and Kaplan [8], we obtain some corollaries which hold in NATP theories. Namely, (i)…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Joonhee Kim , Hyoyoon Lee

We introduce a family of local ranks DQ depending on a finite set Q of pairs of the form (\varphi(x,y),q(y)) where \varphi(x,y) is a formula and q(y) is a global type. We prove that in any NSOP1 theory these ranks satisfy some desirable…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-11-04 Jan Dobrowolski , Daniel Max Hoffmann

The proof of the Independence Theorem for Kim-independence in positive thick NSOP$_1$ theories from (Dobrowolski and Kamsma, 2022) contains a gap. The theorem is still true, and in this corrigendum we give a different proof.

Logic · Mathematics 2024-08-14 Jan Dobrowolski , Mark Kamsma

This course introduces the fruitful links between model theory and a combinatoric of sets given by independence relations. An independence relation on a set is a ternary relation between subsets. Chapter 1 should be considered as an…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Christian d'Elbée

We show that NSOP$_{1}$ theories are exactly the theories in which Kim-independence satisfies a form of local character. In particular, we show that if $T$ is NSOP$_{1}$, $M\models T$, and $p$ is a type over $M$, then the collection of…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-02-13 Itay Kaplan , Nicholas Ramsey , Saharon Shelah
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